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Abstract
This study aimed to establish sex- and age-specific reference values for motor performance (MP) in Hong Kong preschoolers aged 3–5 years old and examine the relationship between MP and BMI status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5579 preschoolers in Hong Kong. Three MP tests were administered, and height and weight information were collected. GAMLSS was used to compute the normative values of the motor tests. Boys outperformed girls in activities requiring muscle strength and power, while girls outperformed boys in activities requiring balance and coordination. The MP scores increased with age for both overarm beanbag throw and standing long jump for both sexes, while the one-leg balance scores showed larger differences between P50 and P95 in older preschoolers. Children with excessive weight performed worse in standing long jump and one-leg balance compared to their healthy weight peers. This study provides valuable information on the MP of preschoolers in Hong Kong, including sex- and age-specific reference values and the association between BMI status and MP scores. These findings can serve as a reference for future studies and clinical practice and highlight the importance of promoting motor skill development in preschoolers, particularly those who are overweight or obese.
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Details
1 The University of Hong Kong, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.194645.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 2757)
2 The University of Hong Kong, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.194645.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 2757); The Education University of Hong Kong, Department of Special Education and Counselling, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.419993.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1799 6254)
3 The University of Hong Kong, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.194645.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 2757)
4 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.10784.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0482)
5 Princess Margaret Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.415229.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1799 7070)
6 The Education University of Hong Kong, Department of Health and Physical Education, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.419993.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1799 6254)
7 The University of Hong Kong, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.194645.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 2757); The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.10784.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0482)
8 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.10784.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0482); The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.16890.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 1764 6123)
9 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.10784.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0482); The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.10784.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0482)
10 The University of Hong Kong, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.194645.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 2757); Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.194645.b)