ABSTRACT
Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the floristic composition and the potential of shrub-tree species in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto, in the northern region of the Legal Amazon.
Method: In an area of Cerrado sensu stricto, the inventory was carried out using the fixed area sampling method. With this, all shrub-tree species with a diameter ≥ 10 cm were measured and phytosociological analyses, dyspesion syndrome and diameter distribution were determined.
Result and Conclusion: According to the variables analyzed, it was possible to observe the establishment of new individuals in the diameter classes of 1 to 8.1 cm and 8.2 to 16.3 cm, therefore it can be seen that the species are part of the same ecological groups, that is, early and late, thus indicating high regenerative value due to the high entry of individuals, which allows a favorable ascension to mature successional stages.
Researchimplications: Research related to phytosociological studies, dispersion syndrome and diametric distribution of shrub-arboreal species is of utmost importance to assess the diversity of Cerrado areas, mainly given the fact that it is the biome that is most currently being suppressed.
Originality/value: The potential for using the Cerrado's phytodiversity is extremely important and due to agricultural development, species may disappear, in this way, the aim is to increase the level of knowledge of Cerrado species. With this, determine the timber and non-timber potential, in addition to relating dispersal syndromes and diameter distribution, in order to characterize the regenerative potential of these species.
Keywords: Diametric Distribution, Floristic Structure, Phytosociological Survey, Dispersion Syndrome.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a composição florística e o potencial de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas em um fragmento de cerrado sensu stricto, na região norte da Amazônia Legal.
Método: Em uma área de Cerrado sensu stricto foi realizado o inventário pelo método de amostragem de área fixa. Com isso, todas espécies arbustivas-arbóreas com diâmetro ≥ 10 cm, foram mensurados e as analises fitossociológicas, síndrome de dispesão e distribuição diametrica foram determinadas.
Resultado e conclusão: Conforme as variáveis analisadas foi possível observar o estabelecimento de novos indivíduos nas classes diametricas de 1 a 8,1 cm e 8,2 a 16,3 cm, portanto pode-se denotar que as espécies fazem parte dos mesmo grupos ecológicos, ou seja, iniciais e tardias, indicando assim alto valor regenerativo em virtude da elevada entrada de indivíduos, o que possibilita uma favorável ascensão para estágios sucessionais maduros.
Implicações da pesquisa: Pesquisas relacionadas a estudos fitossociológicos, síndrome de dispersão e distribuição diamétricas das espécies arbustivo-arborea são de suma importância para avaliar a diversidade de áreas de Cerrado, principalmente dado ao fato de ser o bioma que mais veem sendo suprimido atualmente.
Originalidade/valor: O potencial de utilização da fitodiversidade do Cerrado é de extrema importância e devido o desenvolvimento agrícola, espécies poderão desaparecer, desta forma, pretende-se aumentar o nível de conhecimento das espécies do Cerrado. Com isso, determinar o potencial madeireiro e não madeireiro, além de relacionar síndromes de dispersão e distribuição diamétrica, a fim de caracterizar o potencial regenerativo dessas espécies.
Palavras-chave: Distribuição Diamétrica, Estrutura Florística, Levantamento Fitossociológico, Síndrome de Dispersão.
1 INTRODUCTION
The Cerrado domain is seen as the most biologically rich savanna in the world, with one third of the Brazilian biodiversity and presents on average 5% of the fauna and flora of the planet (SILVA et al., 2020). The species of vascular plants in this biome are approximately 12,456 species, so the high distribution of habitats and a high degree of endemism put the Cerrado in the list of hotspots worldwide, considered as one of the 34 areas of preference for the conservation of diversity in the world (RIBEIRO et al., 2008).
The Cerrado covers a total area of 2,036,448 km2, which corresponds to about 22% of the national territory (SALES et al., 2020). Some states, Goiás, Tocantins, Distrito Federal, parts of the States of Bahia, Ceará, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Piaui, Rondonia and Sâo Paulo are included in the biome. However, there are fragments of Cerrado domain in the north of the country in the states of Amapá, Amazonas, Para and Roraima and in the south the islands in Paraná (SANTOS, 2015; BRAZIL, 2016). The area of the Cerrado is also pointed out as a major and important world agricultural site, becoming one of the most affected biomes on the planet (LENT et al., 2018). Due to this over-exploitation to increase the rural areas the quantities of native territories have decreased very drastically (GANEM et al., 2013).
Due to the floristic and phytosociological studies, the high biodiversity of the Cerrado domain is in mind, and knowing that the study about the Cerrado domain has been one of the major influences in the change of structure and dynamics, it makes us realize the importance of the dispersion syndrome as to the way of distribution and occurrence of the species in the ecological succession procedure (CÁNDIDO et al., 2019).
One of the ways of preserving the native vegetation of the cerrado is by conserving the areas of permanent preservation and legal reserves in the rural properties, which aims to rehabilitate and conserve ecological resources, maintain biodiversity and protect the fauna and flora of origin, according to Law No. 12,727 of October 17, 2012 defining the new Brazilian Forestry Code (BRAZIL, 2015). Also according to the Brazilian Forestry Code, rates of 20% and 35% of the area of rural property that, covered by natural vegetation, can be exploited with forest management in a sustainable way in rural properties located in the Cerrado biome and areas introduced in the Legal Amazon, respectively (BRAZIL, 2015).
Dispersion syndromes are also important methods of natural regeneration, fundamental in the processes of natural regeneration of plant communities, after the dispersion of a diaspore its implantation occurs naturally, becoming one of the great elements of propagules for the regeneration of damaged sites (PIMENTEL et al., 2015). After the dispersion of the seeds, they are deposited in the soil and the cluster of vigorous seeds present on the surface is grounded forming the so-called seed bank (ALMEIDA-CORTEZ, 2004; PIMENTEL et al., 2015). These are possible adult plants, maintaining the balance between the species (BAKER, 1989; PIMENTEL et al., 2015; CÁNDIDO et al., 2019).
The natural flora of the Cerrado Biome can be widely used because of its food, medicinal, oil, artisanal, wood, ornamental and energy potential (FELFILI et al., 2004). However, few studies are observed that portray the potential uses of the species in a broad manner. Such studies can assist in optimal use and management, valuing these resources and eliminating inappropriate use. Based on this information, it can be seen that the limiting factor for a good use and utilization of the species with economic potential of the Cerrado is the lack of knowledge about its biology and use (CÁNDIDO et al., 2019). The recognition of the importance of these species has contributed to better management and use of products in the areas of reservation on their property (SIMÔES et al., 2016).
Unequian forests, are those that have not been much altered and have dispersion of diameter of the species in similar shape of an inverse "J", and the lower diametric categories of individuals are those that show higher frequencies (JUNIOR et al., 2017). Therefore, diametric distribution is a very important attribute for investigating the increase or expansion of the stock (JUNIOR et al., 2017). The diameter distribution is one of the objects of study adopted for the understanding of the segment and dynamics of woody vegetation, that is, it explains the arrangement of a given forest area, allows a future prediction as to the growth of the forest (PAULA et al., 2004; SIMINSKI et al., 2004; MACHADO et al., 2010; JUNIOR et al., 2017).
In the Tocantinense territory, where the vegetation cover shows environments of the phytoecological regions of the Cerrado, Stational Forest and Ombrophilous Forest, these areas of the ecotone are made up of forests still little studied in floristic and structural terms. Aiming to broaden the knowledge about the vegetation of Tocantins, the present study aims to evaluate the floristic composition and the potential of arboreal shrub species in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto, in the northern region of Amazonia Legal.
2 THEORETICAL FRAME
Forests are essential to support life in terrestrial ecosystems (JHARIYA et al., 2019), they are associated with environmental (PEREIRA et ah, 2018), social, economic (PORRO et al., 2018) and cultural values (FLORIÁNI et al., 2019). They offer different environmental services, among which are carbon sequestration, protection of water sources for supply (WATSON et al., 2018), conservation of waterway margins conservation of biodiversity and the supply of pollinators and natural enemies of pests and diseases for agricultural crops (VIANA, 2002).
The Cerrado domain is seen as the most biologically rich savanna in the world, with one third of the Brazilian biodiversity and presents on average 5% of the fauna and flora of the planet (MARQUES, 2019). Accordingly, due to its particular characteristic of vegetation, the Cerrado is considered, in the modern concept, as a savanna, accepting in this parameter two distinct concepts, one phytophysiognomic and the other as an enormous type of ecosystem. According to Marques (2019), the savannah's physiognomy occupies 67% of the area of the Cerrado, giving the region its geographical unity. The closed fields, the dirty fields and the clean fields, not included in the savanna physiognomy, make up 12%. The dense Cerrado covers 10%. By adding the closed fields and the dirty fields to the physiognomy of the savannah, one can already reach more than 70%, perhaps close to 80%. This wide predominance of savannah physiognomy, justifies considering the Cerrado as a savanna biome, from the phytophysiognomic point of view (MARQUES, 2019).
According to Silveira (2021), the Cerrado biome is considered a mosaic of savannah phytophysiognomies, because it contains formations that range from the clean field to the cerradào, as well as forest formations, such as gallery forests, riverside forests and mesophytic forests that are always green or seasonal. Cerrado sensu stricto is a vegetation that occurs in broad and continuous bands, which can be characterized by a layer of grasses and a layer of woody, ranging from 3-5 meters in height. The tree cover represents 10 to 60% of the vegetation (RISANTE, 2017; MARQUES, 2019; SILVEIRA, 2021).
Of the totality of the area of the Cerrado in Brazil, the most extensive form is the Cerrado sensu stricto, with 65% of the biome, while the Cerradào corresponds to about 1%. The rest is distributed in the other types of landscape (MARQUES, 2019). There is a great diversity of habitats and species, and most of these are restricted to specific areas that, in case of destruction, would be driven to extinction (KLINK and MACHADO, 2005; MARQUES, 2019). Myers et al. (2000), considering the world's regions with the highest concentration of endemic species and which, at the same time, show the greatest loss of their habitat, raise 25 priority regions (hotspots) for investments in environmental conservation. In Brazil, there are two of these hotspots: the Atlantic Rain Forest and the Brazilian Cerrado.
The intense and constant process of degradation of the Brazilian Cerrado, due to the growth of the cities and, mainly, by the expansion of agriculture and livestock, is the main factor of gradual disappearance of the ecosystem and its replacement by a very homogeneous landscape, formed by pastures and large crops (MARQUES, 2019). Klink and Machado (2005), state that the Cerrado is the second Brazilian biome that has undergone the most alterations with human occupation. The replacement of the original vegetation causes an imbalance in the ecosystem, in the chemical, physical and biological processes of the soil, on account of the intrinsic qualities of the new vegetation, bringing about visible vegetal and ecological consequences. According to Silva et al. (2023), research is needed on the adaptation of forest species from the Cerrado biome. Vienna et al. (2021); Silva et al. (2023) report that the implementation and sustainable use of natural resources reflect on environmental aspects.
In spite of the areas of the Cerrado being very degraded for farming and cattle raising, the vegetation itself offers potential for being exploited with economic ends. Linking the importance of the Cerrado in the national economy with the richness of species, Silveira (2017) and Marques (2019), state that recent studies on the flora of the Cerrado point to a wide diversity of plants, and a large part of these are represented by species useful to man because they are food, ornamental, forage, beekeeping, wood producers, cork, fibers, oil, tannin and material for handicrafts.
The legislation corroborates this scenario of destruction. In the current Brazilian Forestry Code (Law No. 4,771/65), there is a differentiation in the treatment between the various biomes of Brazil. For agricultural establishments that are in the center of Brazil it is required that a fee of 20% of the original area of the property be destined for legal reserve. In the Amazon Forest, this rate is 80% of the property. According to Klink and Machado (2005), it is for this reason that there are high rates of deforestation in the Cerrado.
In the State of Tocantins, the Cerrado occupies about 90% of the territory, being a transition zone for the Amazon biome (IBGE, 2007). Despite its importance, little is known about its floristic and phytosociological composition. The analysis of the horizontal structure of a forest community uses parameters of density, dominance, frequency, importance value and coverage value. These parameters reveal information about the spatial distribution of the species and their participation in the ecosystem (ROSA et al., 2008; MACHADO et al., 2019). These floristic and phytosociological studies provide the knowledge and subsidies for decision making in the installation of regulatory policies, preservation and conservation of the Cerrado, and in the management and recovery of degraded areas (FERREIRA et al., 2017; MACHADO et al., 2019).
Due to this context, the present research is of utmost importance, since it aims to evaluate floristics and phytosociology, besides relating syndromes of dispersion and diametric distribution of a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto in the municipality of Cariri do Tocantins, in the northern region of Amazonia Legal.
3 MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 Field of Study
The study was developed in an area of Cerrado sensu stricto, inserted in the northern region of Amazonia Legal, in the municipality of Cariri do Tocantins, on a private property with 23.2 hectares. The climate of the region according to Köppen is of type Aw, defined as humid tropical with rainy season in summer and dry in winter, with rainfall between 1,400 mm to 1,500 mm, the average altitude of 295 m and predominance of soils of type argissolo, latossolo and plintosolo (SEPLAN, 2017) (Figure 1).
3.2 Data Collection and Analysis
The forest inventory was carried out in an area of cerrado sensu stricto, with an area equivalent to 3.60 ha, where five permanent parcels were installed with dimensions of 20 x 50 m (1000 m2) each, totaling 0.5 ha, being distanced ten meters from the edge and between them, with this the parcels were inventoried by the method of sampling fixed area (MUELLER - DOMBOIS & ELLENBERG, 1974).
The distribution of the parcels was carried out systematically and standardized according to the Biogeography of the Cerrado Biome project (FELFILI and SILVA JUNIOR, 1992; FELFILI et al., 1997). All arboreal shrub species with diameter >10 cm were sampled, measured at 1.30 m from the ground with the aid of a measuring tape, and all living and standing dead individuals were measured.
The arboreal shrub species collected in the place were identified taxonomically and then herborized and checked in specialized literature, with specialists, and, when necessary, was compared with the material from the herbarium of Porto Nacional, of the Federal University of Tocantins. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system was used for the classification of botanical families (ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP, 2016). All species nomenclatures and their respective authors and synonyms were confirmed and updated by the website of the Flora of Brazil Species List (REFLORA, 2023).
The values for phytosociological analysis such as relative density (DR.), absolute density (AD), relative dominance (DOR), absolute dominance (DoA), relative frequency (FR), absolute frequency (AF), value of importance index (IVI), Shannon diversity indices (H') and Pielou equability (J') were obtained by means of the Fitopac program version 2.1.2 (SHEPPERD, 2010).
The syndromes of dispersion of the species were classified according to the reasons presented by Van Der Piji (1982), adopting the morphological criteria of the fruits, according to the characteristics that define their mode of dispersion, and through consultation with Silva (2012). In this manner, they were classified into three groups: zoo-(fruits that show characteristics that facilitate dispersion by animals) anemocoric (fruits show mechanisms that facilitate dispersion by the action of the wind), autocoric (fruits that show self-dispersion, such as explosive dehiscence or disperse the diaspores by gravity). For the realization of the grouping, it was observed morphologically the characters that indicate its mode of dispersion, and by means of available literary databases (RIBEIRO, 2001; JUNIOR et al., 2014).
The distribution was determined according to the computation of the sampled individuals of each species according to the diametric classes, i.e. the sampled individuals were grouped by diameters classes established previously for distribution based on this criterion. Diameter classes were established with an amplitude of 5 cm, starting from the minimum inclusion diameter of the individuals (HARPER, 1977).
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 shows the values for the analyzes of phytosociological parameters: NI= number of individuals; DA = absolute density (number of individuals/ha); DR. = relative density; FrA = absolute frequency (sample unit/total of sample); FR = relative frequency; DoA = absolute dominance; DoR = relative dominance and IVI = value index of importance, of the shrub-tree species sampled in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto in the municipality of Cariri do Tocantins.
A total of 1020 individuals were sampled in an area of 0.5 ha, of which 963 live and 57 dead standing, distributed in 34 botanical families and 80 species, data that corroborates the richness sampled by (SOUZA, et al., 2015).
The index of standing dead trees was 5.58%, close to that obtained by Cavassan (1982), where he observed a percentage of 5.80% of dead individuals, as well as Silva and Souza (2016), with value of 3.1%, respectively. Thus, these observed results are recurrent in native forests. Standing dead trees were observed on all plots sampled, thus it can be denoted how these losses may have been caused by accidents such as winds, diseases, parasites or natural death.
The high concentration of successive species, points to the high power and dominance of the initial secondary, late and regenerating species in the place, presenting a high diversity and richness of individuals. Of the 80 species sampled, five species and one genus were predominant in number of individuals and other parameters that were assessed in the study area, being the tree species Callisthene major (191 individuals), Byrsonima pachyphylla (78 individuals), Alibertia. (52 subjects), Copaifera langsdorffii (45 subjects), Protium Heptaphayllum (41 subjects) and Qualea multiflora (35 subjects) these species are generally the most recurrent in the physiognomy of cerradosensu stricto (Table 1).
It should be noted that the species Callisthene major and Byrsonima pachyphylla belonging to the families Vochysiaceae and Rubiaceae are those with the highest value of importance, since according to Haridasan (1982), these families are typical accumulators of aluminum capacity that enables benefit in growth to compete with the other species in dystrophic soils.
The species Callisthene major, Byrsonima pachyphylla and Copaifera langsdorffti, presented an absolute frequency percentage of 100%, whereas the speciesProtium heptaphayllum, and Copaifera multiflora were observed a percentage between 60 and 80% respectively, so it can be inferred that they are not distributed continuously in the area studied (Table 1).
Of the 80 species sampled, 44 appeared with five or fewer individuals, thus a percentage of 55% of the total species present in the area studied was observed. When analyzing the high number of species with few individuals, a worrying factor is noted, considering the possibility of occurrence by natural deaths or by empirical factors that these local species may become extinct (AGUIAR et al; 2018).
Table 2 presents the values for phytosociological parameters of NI= number of individuals; DA = absolute density (number of individuals/ha); DR. = relative density; FrA = absolute frequency (sample unit/total of sample); FR = relative frequency; DoA = absolute dominance; DoR = relative dominance and IVI = value index of importance, of the shrub-tree families sampled in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto in the municipality of Cariri do Tocantins.
It can be noted that 34 families observed in the study area, 7 families were denoted with recurrence, in which were the families Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Vochysiaceae, Malvaceae, Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae, totaling a percentage of 56.25% of species observed in the studied area. Therefore, according to the present study and the one obtained in the literature, these families are the most observed in areas with predominant vegetation of cerrado sensu stricto and contains a high number of floristic richness (NETTESHEIM et al., 2010; FINA e MONTEIRO, 2013; ROCHA et al., 2014; NETO et al., 2016).
Of the families observed in the area of cerrado sensu stricto studied, in relation to the number of individuals it stands out: Vochysiaceae (267 individuals), Fabaceae (115 individuals), Rubiaceae (78 individuals), Malpighiaceae (78 individuals), Malvaceae (51 individuals) and Myrtaceae (50 individuals).
It is noted that the families Vochysiaceae and Fabaceae were the most recurrent in the whole area of study, with a total percentage of 37.45% of the individuals and 33.16% of the index of value of importance (Table 2). The Fabaceae family does not stand out only in areas of physiognomies of the Cerrado, but also in other physiognomies, both when it refers to value of importance and to floristic richness. The Fabaceae family has greater adaptation in Cerrado regions due to its nodulation capacity, being one of its greatest advantages over the other species (SILVA, 2012). According to Saporetti, et al. (2003) and Pereira, et al. (2013), the family Vochysiaceae occurs frequently in the Cerrado biome, is easily observed in floristic and phytosociological surveys. Most species in the family Vochysiaceae are typical aluminum accumulators of capacity that allows advantage in growth to compete with the other species in acidic soils, therefore the species in the family Vochysiaceae of the physiognomy cerrado sensu stricto have high values of floristic richness (SILVA, 2012).
The Shannon diversity index (H') found was 3.49, this variable is used to measure diversity in categorical data, thus analyzing the number of species and dominant species, the value of H' found was similar to those found in areas of cerrado sensu stricto the northern region of legal Amazonia, were similar to those found by (SOUZA et al., 2015; BRITO et al., 2006; SILVA e SOUZA, 2016). The Pielou (J') equability index was 0.79 value that corroborates the one found by Silva and Souza (2016) that was 0.77, this index represents the regularity of the distribution of individuals among the species of the area.
4.1 Dispersion syndrome, Diametric distribution and potential uses
Table 3 presents the values referring to the type of dispersion syndrome of the shrubtree families in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto in the municipality of Cariri do Tocantins.
In the area studied, 80 species were sampled, distributed in 34 families among which 43 species are zoochronic (dispersion by action of animals), corresponding to a percentage of 53.75%, 31 species are anemothoric (dispersed by the action of the wind) which is equivalent to a percentage of 38.75% and 2 species showed autocoric dispersion (autonomous action of the plant) with an equivalent percentage of 2.5%, respectively.
The Fabaccae family presented the greatest variety of species distribution, with the dispersion (anemocoric) as the highlight, and was the only family with occurrence of the three types of dispersions (zoocoric, anemocoric, autocoric) (Table 3), followed by the Rubiaceae family and Myrtaceae, both with dispersion of the zoocoric type (Table 3).
Zoootic dispersion was the most frequent (> 50%) dispersion syndrome in the area studied, while autocoric dispersion was the one with the lowest value (2.5%). Zoo dispersion was observed to have a higher number of individuals (43), followed by anemochoric dispersion syndrome with 31 subjects and autocoric dispersion with 2 subjects, respectively (Figure 2).
The results obtained from the present analysis point to a significant variation in dispersion between the zoootic syndrome, as it was predominant in more humid places, and the anemocoric dispersion syndrome was observed in dry areas. Takahashi and Fina (2004), found that the zoo dispersion is predominant in the Cerrado.
Figure 3 shows the values related to the diametric distribution of the shrub species, in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto in the municipality of Cariri do Tocantins.
For the analysis of the diametric distribution of the area studied, the number of individuals was related to their diameter. Thus, 1020 individuals represented in 80 species and 34 families were sampled, where they were distributed in 9 classes of diameters, in which it has an amplitude of 8.1 cm, it is described from 1 cm to the class > 64.9 cm, since the class from 56.8 to 64.9cm was not represented by any individual (Figure 3).
The disposition of individuals in the diametric classes of occurrence in the study area presented J-inverted format, i.e. negative exponential, assuming a typical pattern of natural forests, in which they present a high number of trees in the first diametric classes with low diameters and smaller numbers of trees in the classes that present larger diameters, values that corroborate those obtained by (SILVA and SOUZA, 2016) (Figure 3).
It can be observed that the diametric distribution indicated the establishment of new individuals in two diametric classes being 3 to 7.9 cm and 8.0 to 12.9 cm, where they presented high number of individuals, totaling 899 individuals, or 75.1%, respectively (Figure 3). The greater number of individuals present in the first classes of individuals may represent a stock community, being normal in areas with age and varied species, as they are part of ecological groups of the species would be early and late secondary, thus indicating a high regeneration value due to the high input of individuals, allowing a favorable rise to successive mature stages (SILVA and SOUZA, 2016).
Figure 4 shows the values related to the distribution of the height of the arboreal shrub species, in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto in the municipality of Cariri do Tocantins.
The species sampled with the largest individuals were Callisthene major and Byrsonima pachyphylla with average diameter of 12.1 and 7.7cm, respectively (Figure 3). The species Callisthene major was present in all diametric classes, followed by the species Byrsonima pachyphylla in which it showed a higher number of trees in the second diametric class, demonstrating an erratic distribution, since species with erratic diametric distribution, cover the whole ecophysiological gradient (SILVA and SOUZA, 2016).
The height distribution of individuals, are arranged in 6 classes ranging from lm to 13.6m, with amplitude of 2.2m. It was found that height classes between 2.3 to 4.5m, 4.6 to 6.8m and 6.9 to 9.1m, together added up to 77.87% of the total subjects, in which class 2 between 2.3 to 4.5m represented the largest number of subjects, being 34.02% of the total, thus demonstrating that 415 subjects from the study area are between the height of 2.3 and 4.5m and mean height of the fragment studied is 5.44m, therefore this area presents self-regeneration of young subjects (Figure 4).
5 CONCLUSION
By means of the results analyzed above, it can be seen that:
From the phytosociological parameters one can infer the recommendation of Families with the potential for the recovery of cerrado sensu stricto fragments in the northern region of Amazonia Legal. Through the analysis of the diametric structure of the physiognomy cerrado sensu stricto analyzed, it can contribute to forest management. The distribution of the shrubtree individuals of the four strata in the diametric classes presented a typical pattern of Jinverted. The high concentration of individuals classified in the sucessional class as early and late secondary indicates that the area is at a high rate of regeneration due to the large number of individuals, consequently a promising advance to successive mature stages.
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Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the floristic composition and the potential of shrub-tree species in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto, in the northern region of the Legal Amazon. Method: In an area of Cerrado sensu stricto, the inventory was carried out using the fixed area sampling method. With this, all shrub-tree species with a diameter ≥ 10 cm were measured and phytosociological analyses, dyspesion syndrome and diameter distribution were determined. Result and Conclusion: According to the variables analyzed, it was possible to observe the establishment of new individuals in the diameter classes of 1 to 8.1 cm and 8.2 to 16.3 cm, therefore it can be seen that the species are part of the same ecological groups, that is, early and late, thus indicating high regenerative value due to the high entry of individuals, which allows a favorable ascension to mature successional stages. Researchimplications: Research related to phytosociological studies, dispersion syndrome and diametric distribution of shrub-arboreal species is of utmost importance to assess the diversity of Cerrado areas, mainly given the fact that it is the biome that is most currently being suppressed. Originality/value: The potential for using the Cerrado's phytodiversity is extremely important and due to agricultural development, species may disappear, in this way, the aim is to increase the level of knowledge of Cerrado species. With this, determine the timber and non-timber potential, in addition to relating dispersal syndromes and diameter distribution, in order to characterize the regenerative potential of these species.