Virtual pulmonary rehabilitation approaches in patients with post COVID syndrome: a pilot study

Abstract

Background

The characteristics of optimal virtual pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for individuals with post-COVID syndrome (PCS) have not been identified. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and satisfaction associated with a virtual PR program with the exercise component delivered through group or self-directed sessions.

Methods

Adults with PCS-respiratory symptoms were randomly assigned to the video conference (PR_VC) or self-directed (PR_SD) group and completed an exercise program (aerobic, strengthening, and breathing exercises) three times/week for eight weeks. PR_VC sessions were led by a physiotherapist via Zoom, whereas the PR_SD group exercised individually following a pre-recorded video. Both groups received personalized exercise recommendations, education related to the condition, and a weekly follow up call. Satisfaction was assessed through a patient survey. Lung function, dyspnea, fatigue, sit-to-stand capacity, health-related quality of life, and participation were assessed pre- and post-PR.

Results

Fourteen PCS individuals (49 ± 9 years, 86% females) completed 83% of the sessions. All participants were satisfied with information provided by the therapist and frequency of data submission, whereas most were satisfied with the frequency and duration of exercise sessions (88% in PR_VC and 83% in PR_SD). A higher proportion of participants in the PR_VC (88%) were satisfied with the level of difficulty of exercises compared with the PR_SD (67%), and 84% of the sample reported a positive impact of the program on their health. No adverse events were reported. Significant changes in sit-to-stand capacity (p = 0.012, Cohen’s r = 0.67) and questions related to fatigue (p = 0.027, Cohen’s r = 0.58), neurocognitive (p = 0.045, Cohen’s r = 0.53), and autonomic (p = 0.024, Cohen’s r = 0.60) domains of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire short-form were also found between groups.

Conclusion

Virtual PR with exercises delivered via video conference or pre-recorded video were feasible, safe, and well-received by individuals with PCS.

Trial registration

NCT05003271 (first posted: 12/08/2021).