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Abstract
Cardiac discomfort has been reported periodically in COVID-19-vaccinated individuals. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of myocardial strains in the early assessment of the clinical presentations after COVID-19 vaccination. Totally, 121 subjects who received at least one dose of vaccine within 6 weeks underwent laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) was implemented to analyze changes in the left ventricular myocardium. After vaccination, 66 individuals (55.4 ± 17.4 years) developed cardiac discomforts, such as chest tightness, palpitations, dyspnea, and chest pain. The ECG readings exhibited both premature ventricular contractions and premature atrial contractions (n = 24, 36.4%), while none of the individuals in the control group manifested signs of cardiac arrhythmia. All had normal serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, creatine kinase myocardial band, troponin, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, platelets, and D-dimer. Left ventricular ejection fraction in the symptomatic group (71.41% ± 7.12%) and the control group (72.18% ± 5.11%) (p = 0.492) were normal. Use of 2D-STE presented global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) was reduced in the symptomatic group (17.86% ± 3.22% and 18.37% ± 5.22%) compared to the control group (19.54% ± 2.18% and 20.73% ± 4.09%) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.028). COVID-19 vaccine-related cardiac adverse effects can be assessed early by 2D-STE. The prognostic implications of GLS and GCS enable the evaluation of subtle changes in myocardial function after vaccination.
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Details
1 Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.412896.0) (ISNI:0000 0000 9337 0481)
2 Taipei City Hospital Yangming Branch, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.416849.6)
3 Chung Shan Medical University, School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan (GRID:grid.411641.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0532 2041)
4 The University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.412708.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1764 7572)
5 Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.412896.0) (ISNI:0000 0000 9337 0481); Taipei City Hospital Yangming Branch, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.416849.6)
6 Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taoyuan, Taiwan (GRID:grid.145695.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1798 0922); Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Taoyuan, Taiwan (GRID:grid.413801.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0711 0593)