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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) poses a significant clinical challenge for individuals living with HIV (PLHIV). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this condition is becoming a growing concern, owing to lifestyle changes and an increasingly aging population. Several SSA countries have reported on the prevalence of MetS. However, these estimates may be outdated because numerous recent studies have updated MetS prevalence among PLHIV in these countries. Moreover, prior research has focused on various study designs to report the pooled prevalence, which is a methodological limitation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled estimates of MetS in PLHIV in SSA by addressing these gaps. We systematically searched Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, and PubMed/Medline for the prevalence of MetS and its subcomponents among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The estimated pooled prevalence was presented using a forest plot. Egger’s and Begg’s rank regression tests were used to assess evidence of publication bias. Twenty-five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria after review of the updated PRISMA guidelines. The pooled prevalence of MetS was 21.01% [95% CI: (16.50, 25.51)] and 23.42% [95% CI: (19.16, 27.08)] to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, respectively. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Low HDL) at 47.25% [95% CI: 34.17, 60.33)] were the highest reported individual subcomponent, followed by abdominal obesity at 38.44% [95% CI: (28.81, 48.88)]. The prevalence of MetS is high in sub-Saharan Africa. Low HDL levels and increased waist circumference/abdominal obesity were the most prevalent components of MetS. Therefore, early screening for MetS components and lifestyle modifications is required. Policymakers should develop strategies to prevent MetS before an epidemic occurs.
PROSPERO: CRD42023445294.
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1 Wolaita Sodo University, Department of Epidemiology, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.494633.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 4901 9060)
2 Jimma University, Institute of Health, Oromia, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.411903.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2034 9160)
3 Wolaita Sodo University, School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.494633.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 4901 9060)
4 Hawassa University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sidama, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.192268.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 8953 2273)
5 Wolaita Sodo University, School of Medicine, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.494633.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 4901 9060)
6 Wolaita Sodo University, School of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.494633.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 4901 9060)