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Abstract
Carotenoids play a role in preventing and impeding the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) through their anti-oxidative effects. This study evaluated associations between ASCVD risk and skin carotenoid (SC) levels, reflecting dietary carotenoid intake. Participants’ ASCVD risk was assessed using the Hisayama ASCVD risk prediction model, and SC levels were measured through a reflection spectroscope (Veggie Meter). The associations between high ASCVD risk and SC levels were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. A total of 1130 men and women (mean age: 56 years) from participants who underwent a health examination in Seirei Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Medicine in 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. Of these, 4.6% had moderate or high ASCVD risk. Mean SC values were 236, 315, 376, 447, and 606 in quintile Q1 to Q5, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of SC quintile for moderate- or high-risk ASCVD was 0.24 (0.12–0.51) in Q5 (495 ≤), 0.42 (0.23–0.77) in Q4, 0.50 (0.29–0.88) in Q3, and 0.68 (0.41–1.12) in Q2 compared to Q1 (< 281). High SC values continuously showed non-linear inverse association with moderate- or high-risk for ASCVD in Japanese adults. Non-invasive SC measurements may be a good indicator for recommending carotenoids to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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1 Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu City, Japan (GRID:grid.415466.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 0377 8408); Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Japan (GRID:grid.505613.4) (ISNI:0000 0000 8937 6696)
2 Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Japan (GRID:grid.505613.4) (ISNI:0000 0000 8937 6696)
3 Tokoha University, Faculty of Health Promotion Sciences, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Hamamatsu City, Japan (GRID:grid.444805.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0563 5603)
4 Seirei Social Welfare Community, Seirei Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Japan (GRID:grid.410850.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0402 9492)
5 Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu City, Japan (GRID:grid.415466.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 0377 8408)