Abstract

SARS-CoV2 infection results in a range of disease severities, but the underlying differential pathogenesis is still not completely understood. At presentation it remains difficult to estimate and predict severity, in particular, identify individuals at greatest risk of progression towards the most severe disease-states. Here we used advanced models with circulating serum analytes as variables in combination with daily assessment of disease severity using the SCODA-score, not only at single time points but also during the course of disease, to correlate analyte levels and disease severity. We identified a remarkably strong pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profile with high levels for sCD163, CCL20, HGF, CHintinase3like1 and Pentraxin3 in serum which correlated with COVID-19 disease severity and overall outcome. Although precise analyte levels differed, resulting biomarker profiles were highly similar at early and late disease stages, and even during convalescence similar biomarkers were elevated and further included CXCL3, CXCL6 and Osteopontin. Taken together, strong pro-inflammatory marker profiles were identified in patients with COVID-19 disease which correlated with overall outcome and disease severity.

Details

Title
Longitudinal soluble marker profiles reveal strong association between cytokine storms resulting from macrophage activation and disease severity in COVID-19 disease
Author
van Meijgaarden, Krista E. 1 ; van Veen, Suzanne 1 ; Tsonaka, Roula 2 ; Ruibal, Paula 1 ; Roukens, Anna H. E. 1 ; Arbous, Sesmu M. 3 ; Manniën, Judith 2 ; Cannegieter, Suzanne C. 4 ; Ottenhoff, Tom H. M. 1 ; Joosten, Simone A. 1 ; van den Berg, Bernard M. 5 ; Cannegieter, Suzanne 4 ; Cobbaert, Christa M. 6 ; van der Does, Anne M. 7 ; van Dongen, Jacques J. M. 8 ; Eikenboom, Jeroen 5 ; Feltkamp, Mariet C. W. 9 ; Geluk, Annemieke 1 ; Goeman, Jelle J. 2 ; Giera, Martin 10 ; Hankemeier, Thomas 11 ; Heemskerk, Mirjam H. M. 12 ; Hiemstra, Pieter S. 7 ; Hokke, Cornelis H. 13 ; Janse, Jacqueline J. 13 ; Jochems, Simon P. 13 ; Kikkert, Marjolein 9 ; Lamont, Lieke 11 ; Pongrácz, Tamás 10 ; del Prado, Michael R. 14 ; Roestenberg, Meta 15 ; Smits, Hermelijn H. 13 ; Snijder, Eric J. 9 ; Staal, Frank J. T. 8 ; Trouw, Leendert A. 8 ; Verhoeven, Aswin 10 ; Visser, Leo G. 1 ; de Vries, Jutte J. C. 9 ; van Westerloo, David J. 14 ; Wigbers, Jeanette 14 ; van der Wijk, Henk J. 2 ; van Wissen, Robin C. 6 ; Wuhrer, Manfred 10 ; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria 13 ; Zlei, Mihaela 8 ; Oud, Josine A. 12 ; Baysan, Meryem 16 ; van Heurn, Lieke J. 4 ; ter Haar, Susan B. 4 ; Toppenberg, Alexandra G. L. 4 ; Heerdink, Laura 4 ; van IJlzinga Veenstra, Annekee A. 4 ; Eikenboom, Anna M. 4 ; Wubbolts, Julia M. 1 ; Uzorka, Jonathan 1 ; Lijfering, Willem 4 ; Meier, Romy 12 ; de Jonge, Ingeborg 4 ; de Boer, Mark G. J. 1 ; van der Bom, Anske G. 4 ; Dekkers, Olaf M. 4 ; Rosendaal, Frits 4 

1  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
2  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
3  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
4  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
5  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
6  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
7  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
8  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Immunology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
9  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
10  Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
11  Leiden University, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5132.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2312 1970) 
12  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
13  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
14  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
15  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978); Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
16  Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978); Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care, Leiden, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.10419.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8945 2978) 
Pages
12882
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20452322
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63586-8
ProQuest document ID
3064768928
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.