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Abstract
The aim of current study was to prepared zinc oxide nanofertilzers by ecofriendly friendly, economically feasible, free of chemical contamination and safe for biological use. The study focused on crude extract of Withania coagulans as reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO nano-particles. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and GC–MS analysis. However, zinc oxide as green Nano fertilizer was used to analyze responses induced by different doses of ZnO NPs [0, 25, 50,100, 200 mg/l and Zn acetate (100 mg/l)] in Triticum aestivum (wheat). The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of foliar application of ZnO NPs were studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum) with aspect of biomass accumulation, morphological attributes, biochemical parameters and anatomical modifications. Wheat plant showed significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of growth parameters upon exposure to ZnO NPs at specific concentrations. In addition, wheat plant showed significant increase in biochemical attributes, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein contents. Antioxidant enzyme (POD, SOD, CAT) and total flavonoid content also confirmed nurturing impact on wheat plant. Increased stem, leaf and root anatomical parameters, all showed ZnO NPs mitigating capacity when applied to wheat. According to the current research, ZnO NPs application on wheat might be used to increase growth, yield, and Zn biofortification in wheat plants.
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1 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412496.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0636 6599)
2 Quaid-i-Azam University, Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412621.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2215 1297); Zhejiang University, State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
3 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Biotinformatics, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412496.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0636 6599)
4 Islamic Azad University, Department of Agriculture, Chalus Branch, Chalus, Iran (GRID:grid.466829.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0494 3452)
5 Arak University, Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak, Iran (GRID:grid.411425.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0417 7516); Arak University, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Arak, Iran (GRID:grid.411425.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0417 7516)