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Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial trauma is influenced by various factors, including regional characteristics and social background. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a state of emergency was declared in Japan in March 2020. In this study, we aimed to examine the dynamics of patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma over a 12-years period using interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis. Patients were examined at the Shimane University Hospital, Maxillofacial Trauma Center from April 2012 to April 2023. In addition to general patient characteristics, data regarding the type of trauma and its treatment were obtained from 1203 patients (770 men and 433 women). Group comparisons showed significant differences in age, trauma status, method of treatment, referral source, route, and injury occasion. ITS analysis indicated significant changes in combined nasal fractures, non-invasive reduction, and sports injuries (P < 0.05), suggesting COVID-19 significantly impacted oral and maxillofacial trauma dynamics. A pandemic of an infectious disease may decrease the number of minor trauma cases but increase the number of injuries from outdoor activities, resulting in no overall change in the dynamics of the number of trauma patients. Medical systems for oral and maxillofacial trauma should be in place at all times, independent of infectious disease pandemics.
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Details
1 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8661 1590); Shimane University Hospital, Maxillofacial Trauma Center, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.412567.3)
2 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8661 1590)
3 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8661 1590); Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.415748.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1772 6596)
4 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8661 1590); Unnan City Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Unnan, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1)
5 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8661 1590); National Hospital Organization Hamada Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamada, Japan (GRID:grid.416698.4)
6 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8661 1590); Oki Hospital, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oki, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1)
7 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izumo, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8661 1590); Masuda Red Cross Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Masuda, Japan (GRID:grid.411621.1)