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Abstract
Inhalable microparticle-based anti TB drug delivery systems are being investigated extensively for Tuberculosis [TB] treatment as they offer efficient and deep lung deposition with several advantages over conventional routes. It can reduce the drug dose, treatment duration and toxic effects and optimize the drug bioavailability. Yeast derived β-glucan is a β-[1–3/1–6] linked biocompatible polymer and used as carrier for various biomolecules. Due to presence of glucan chains, particulate glucans act as PAMP and thereby gets internalized via receptor mediated phagocytosis by the macrophages. In this study, β-glucan microparticles were prepared by adding l-leucine as excipient, and exhibited 70% drug [Rifabutin] loading efficiency. Further, the sizing and SEM data of particles revealed a size of 2–4 µm with spherical dimensions. The FTIR and HPLC data confirmed the β-glucan composition and drug encapsulations efficiency of the particles. The mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] and geometric standard deviation [GSD] data indicated that these particles are inhalable in nature and have better thermal stability as per DSC thermogram. These particles were found to be non-toxic upto a concentration of 80 µg/ml and were found to be readily phagocytosed by human macrophage cells in-vitro as well as in-vivo by lung alveolar macrophage. This study provides a framework for future design of inhalable β-glucan particle based host-directed drug delivery system against pulmonary TB.
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1 Integral University, IIRC-3 Immunobiochemistry Lab, Department of Biosciences, Lucknow, India (GRID:grid.411723.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1756 4240); Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Lucknow, India (GRID:grid.263138.d) (ISNI:0000 0000 9346 7267)
2 Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Department of Biochemistry, Faizabad, India (GRID:grid.412086.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1799 569X)
3 Parul University, Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences & Research and Development Cell, Vadodara, India (GRID:grid.510466.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 5998 4868)
4 CSIR-CDRI, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, Lucknow, India (GRID:grid.418363.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0506 6543)
5 Integral University, IIRC-3 Immunobiochemistry Lab, Department of Biosciences, Lucknow, India (GRID:grid.411723.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1756 4240)
6 CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Inhalation Toxicology Facility, Lucknow, India (GRID:grid.417638.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2194 5503)
7 University of Hail, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Hail, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.443320.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0608 0056)
8 King Khalid University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Abha, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.412144.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1790 7100)
9 Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.449346.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0501 7602)
10 CSJM University, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kanpur, India (GRID:grid.411938.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 0506 5655)