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Abstract
A significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors still experience a reduced diffusion capacity three and twelve months after discharge. We aimed to compare pulmonary function trajectories between hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pre-existing respiratory disease (PRD) and patients without pre-existing respiratory disease (Non-PRD) at three and twelve months after hospital discharge. This single-centre retrospective cohort study included COVID-19 patients admitted to the VieCuri Medical Centre (Venlo, the Netherlands) between February and December 2020 that were invited to the outpatient clinic at three and twelve months after discharge. During this visit, pulmonary function tests were performed and impairments were based on lower limit of normal. Data of 239 patients were analysed (65% male, 66 ± 10 years, and 26% with a history of respiratory disease). Three months after discharge, 49% and 64% of the Non-PRD patients (n = 177) and PRD patients (n = 62) had a low diffusion capacity, respectively. This improved over time in Non-PRD patients (p = 0.003), but not in PRD patients (p = 0.250). A low diffusion capacity was still observed in 34% and 57% of the Non-PRD and PRD group, respectively, twelve months after discharge. Pulmonary function impairments, mainly a reduced diffusion capacity, are observed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with PRD and Non-PRD, at three and twelve months follow-up. Although diffusion capacity impairments restore over time in Non-PRD patients, poor recovery was observed among PRD patients.
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1 Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.412966.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0480 1382); VieCuri Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Venlo, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.416856.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0477 5022)
2 Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.412966.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0480 1382)
3 VieCuri Medical Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Venlo, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.416856.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0477 5022)
4 Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.412966.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0480 1382); Ciro+, Department of Research and Development, Horn, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.491136.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 8497 4987)
5 VieCuri Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Venlo, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.416856.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0477 5022); Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.412966.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0480 1382)
6 VieCuri Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Venlo, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.416856.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0477 5022); Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Epidemiology, GROW, Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.412966.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0480 1382)