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Abstract
Intensive care unit-acquired infections are complicating events in critically ill patients. In this study we analyzed the incidence, microbiological patterns, and outcome in patients with COVID-19 versus influenza in the intensive care unit (ICU). We included all adult patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation due to (1) COVID-19 between January 2020 and March 2022, and (2) influenza between January 2015 and May 2023 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. Of the 480 participants included in the final analysis, 436 had COVID-19. The incidence rates of ICU-acquired infections were 31.6/1000 and 9.9/1000 ICU-days in the COVID-19 and influenza cohorts, respectively. Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections were most common in both groups. In patients with COVID-19, corticosteroid treatment was associated with an increased risk of ICU-acquired infections and with higher 90-day mortality in case of infection. Furthermore, ICU-acquired infection was associated with a prolonged time in the ICU, with more difficult-to-treat gram-negative infections in late versus early ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections. Further research is needed to understand how the association between corticosteroid treatment and incidence and outcome of ICU-acquired infections varies across different patient categories.
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1 Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582); Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.1649.a) (ISNI:0000 0000 9445 082X)
2 Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582); Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.1649.a) (ISNI:0000 0000 9445 082X); Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden (GRID:grid.419734.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 9580 3113)
3 Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582)
4 Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582); Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.1649.a) (ISNI:0000 0000 9445 082X)
5 Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582); Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Gothenburg, Sweden (GRID:grid.1649.a) (ISNI:0000 0000 9445 082X)