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Abstract
Different delivery methods can cause variations in the composition and structure of intestinal microbiota in neonates. However, the impact of the microecological environment on host immune function requires further investigation. In this study, 75 healthy neonates were divided into two groups: vaginal delivery group (n = 36) and cesarean section group (n = 39). Fecal and peripheral blood samples were collected from the 7th to the 10th day. 16S rRNA sequencing technique was performed to investigate the gut microbiota on fecal samples. Levels of immunoglobulins and Th1 and Th2 cells in the peripheral blood of neonates were measured. The abundance of Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides in neonates in the cesarean section group was significantly lower than that in the vaginal delivery group. Metabolic pathway analysis showed three significantly up-regulated metabolic pathways in the intestinal microbiota of neonates in the cesarean section group. The levels of serum IgG and IL-12p70 in the cesarean section group were lower than those in the vaginal delivery group, and the proportion of IFN-γ/IL-4 was significantly lower in the cesarean section group compared to the vaginal delivery group. The mode of delivery has potential impact on the intestinal microbiota and immune functions of neonates, potentially leading to an imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells in neonates delivered by cesarean section.
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1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Nanning People’s Hospital, Nanning, China (GRID:grid.452877.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 6005 8466); Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Research, Nanning, China (GRID:grid.452877.b)
2 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Department of Paediatrics, The Second Nanning People’s Hospital, Nanning, China (GRID:grid.452877.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 6005 8466)