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Abstract
There is a significant focus on the role of the host microbiome in different outcomes of human parasitic diseases, including cystic echinococcosis (CE). This study was conducted to identify the intestinal microbiome of patients with CE at different stages of hydatid cyst compared to healthy individuals. Stool samples from CE patients as well as healthy individuals were collected. The samples were divided into three groups representing various stages of hepatic hydatid cyst: active (CE1 and CE2), transitional (CE3), and inactive (CE4 and CE5). One family member from each group was selected to serve as a control. The gut microbiome of patients with different stages of hydatid cysts was investigated using metagenomic next-generation amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. In this study, we identified 4862 Operational Taxonomic Units from three stages of hydatid cysts in CE patients and healthy individuals with a combined frequency of 2,955,291. The most abundant genera observed in all the subjects were Blautia, Agathobacter, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella. The highest microbial frequency was related to inactive forms of CE, and the lowest frequency was observed in the group with active forms. However, the lowest OTU diversity was found in patients with inactive cysts compared with those with active and transitional cyst stages. The genus Agatobacter had the highest OTU frequency. Pseudomonas, Gemella, and Ligilactobacillus showed significant differences among the patients with different stages of hydatid cysts. Additionally, Anaerostipes and Candidatus showed significantly different reads in CE patients compared to healthy individuals. Our findings indicate that several bacterial genera can play a role in the fate of hydatid cysts in patients at different stages of the disease.
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Details
1 Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran (GRID:grid.412105.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2092 9755)
2 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan, Iran (GRID:grid.411765.0) (ISNI:0000 0000 9216 4846)
3 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kerman, Iran (GRID:grid.412503.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 9826 9569)
4 Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Surgery, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran (GRID:grid.412105.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2092 9755)
5 Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman, Iran (GRID:grid.412105.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2092 9755); Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran (GRID:grid.412105.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2092 9755)