Metabolomic profiling identifies novel metabolites associated with cardiac dysfunction

Abstract

Metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes, are associated with subclinical alterations in both cardiac structure/function and natriuretic peptides prior to the onset of heart failure (HF). Despite this, the exact metabolic pathways of cardiac dysfunction which precede HF are not well-defined. Among older individuals without HF in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we evaluated the associations of 47 circulating metabolites measured by ¹H-NMR with echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function. We then evaluated associations of significant metabolites with circulating N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). In a separate cohort, we evaluated differences between top metabolites in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and comorbidity-matched controls. Genetic variants associated with top metabolites (mQTLs) were then related to echocardiographic measures and NT-proBNP. Among 3440 individuals with metabolic and echocardiographic data in MESA (62 ± 10 years, 52% female, 38% White), 10 metabolites broadly reflective of glucose and amino acid metabolism were associated with at least 1 measure of cardiac structure or function. Of these 10 metabolites, 4 (myo-inositol, glucose, dimethylsulfone, carnitine) were associated with higher NT-proBNP and 2 (d-mannose, acetone) were associated with lower NT-proBNP. In a separate cohort, patients with HFpEF had higher circulating myo-inositol levels compared with comorbidity-matched controls. Genetic analyses revealed that 1 of 6 known myo-inositol mQTLs conferred risk of higher NT-proBNP. In conclusion, metabolomic profiling identifies several novel metabolites associated with cardiac dysfunction in a cohort at high risk for HF, revealing pathways potentially relevant to future HF risk.