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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Diabetic foot is a serious complication that poses significant risks for diabetic patients. The resulting reduction in protective sensitivity in the plantar region requires early detection to prevent ulceration and ultimately amputation. The primary method employed for evaluating this sensitivity loss is the 10 gf Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test, commonly used as a first-line procedure. However, the lack of calibration in existing devices often introduces decision errors due to unreliable feedback. In this article, the mechanical behavior of a monofilament was analytically modeled, seeking to promote awareness of the impact of different factors on clinical decisions. Furthermore, a new device for the automation of the metrological evaluation of the monofilament is described. Specific testing methodologies, used for the proposed equipment, are also described, creating a solid base for the establishment of future calibration guidelines. The obtained results showed that the tested monofilaments had a very high error compared to the 10 gf declared by the manufacturers. To improve the precision and reliability of assessing the sensitivity loss, the frequent metrological calibration of the monofilament is crucial. The integration of automated verification, simulation capabilities, and precise measurements shows great promise for diabetic patients, reducing the likelihood of adverse outcomes.

Details

Title
Calibration and Modeling of the Semmes–Weinstein Monofilament for Diabetic Foot Management
Author
Castro-Martins, Pedro 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pinto-Coelho, Luís 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Raul D S G Campilho 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 CIETI, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; [email protected]; Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal 
 CIETI, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; [email protected]; INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal 
 CIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; [email protected]; INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal 
First page
886
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
23065354
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3110372407
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.