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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in central nervous system (CNS) diseases is gaining significant interest, particularly their applications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. EVs are involved in intercellular communication and are secreted by all cell types. They contain specific markers and a diverse cargo such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, reflecting the physiological and pathological state of their originating cells. Their reduced immunogenicity and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier make them promising candidates for both biomarkers and therapeutic agents. In the context of CNS diseases, EVs have shown promise as biomarkers isolable from different body fluids, providing a non-invasive method for diagnosing CNS diseases and monitoring disease progression. This makes them useful for the early detection and monitoring of diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, where specific alterations in EVs content can be detected. Additionally, EVs derived from stem cells show potential in promoting tissue regeneration and repairing damaged tissues. An evaluation has been conducted on the current clinical trials studying EVs for CNS diseases, focusing on their application, treatment protocols, and obtained results. This review aims to explore the potential of EVs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic carriers for CNS diseases, highlighting their significant advantages and ongoing clinical trials evaluating their efficacy.

Details

Title
Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Clinical and Therapeutic Potential in Central Nervous System Pathologies
Author
Malaguarnera, Michele 1 ; Cabrera-Pastor, Andrea 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; [email protected]; Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería y Podología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain 
 Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain 
First page
10068
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
ISSN
16616596
e-ISSN
14220067
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3110532891
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.