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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Fabry disease (FD) on retinal microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), arterial stiffness, and the resistive index (RI) of the central retinal artery (CRA) in early disease stages. Twenty-nine genetically confirmed FD patients and twenty-six healthy controls were enrolled. Vessel density (VD) values of the superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris plexuses (SCP, DCP, and CC) were measured via OCTA. CRA RI was studied using color Doppler and grayscale sonography, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed with the Complior method. CRA RI was significantly lower in the control group compared to the Fabry group (p < 0.001). Central VD was found to be significantly higher in the control group compared to the Fabry group in all the retinal layers (SCP (p < 0.001), DCP (p < 0.005), CC (p < 0.001)). PWV was significantly higher in the Fabry group than in the control group (p = 0.03). Fabry disease patients demonstrate elevated arterial stiffness, increased CRA RI, and diminished retinal microvascular density compared to healthy controls, indicating early ocular damage. Continuous monitoring and targeted screening for organ impairment are crucial in FD management. Identifying biomarkers for assessing ocular vascular involvement and treatment response is imperative. Further research is needed.
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1 Federico II University of Naples, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.4691.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 0790 385X)
2 Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Napoli, Italy (GRID:grid.416052.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 4122); Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Ophthalmolgy Department, Napoli, Italy (GRID:grid.416052.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 4122)
3 Federico II University of Naples, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.4691.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 0790 385X); University of Molise, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V.Tiberio”, Campobasso, Italy (GRID:grid.10373.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2205 5422)
4 University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Napoli, Italy (GRID:grid.9841.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2200 8888)
5 University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.9841.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2200 8888)
6 Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Napoli, Italy (GRID:grid.416052.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 4122)