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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background: Exercise can be used as a model to understand immunometabolism. Biological data on elite athletes are limited, especially for female athletes, including relevant data on acute-phase proteins and amino acid metabolism. Methods: We analyzed acute-phase proteins and amino acids collected at South American, Pan-American, and Olympic Games for 16 Olympic sports. We compared female and male elite athletes (447 vs. 990 samples) across four states (fasting, pre-exercise, post-exercise, and resting) to understand sex-specific immunometabolic responses in elite athletes. Results: Considering all states and sports, we found that elite female athletes exhibited higher concentrations of C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, myeloperoxidase, haptoglobin, and IGF1, with ratios ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 (p < 0.001). Women exhibited lower concentrations of most amino acids, except for glutamate and alanine. Although almost 30% lower in women, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) showed a similar pattern in all states (ρ ≥ 0.9; p < 0.001), while aromatic amino acids (AAAs) showed higher consumption during exercise in women. Conclusion: We established sex dimorphism in elite athletes’ metabolic and inflammatory responses during training and competition. Our data suggest that female athletes present a lower amino acid response towards central fatigue development than male athletes. Understanding these differences can lead to insights into sex-related immuno-metabolic responses in sports or other inflammatory conditions.

Details

Title
Sportomics Analyses of the Exercise-Induced Impact on Amino Acid Metabolism and Acute-Phase Protein Kinetics in Female Olympic Athletes
Author
Muniz-Santos, Renan 1 ; Bassini, Adriana 2 ; Jefferson Falcão 3 ; Prado, Eduardo 4 ; MartinIII, LeRoy 5 ; Chandran, Vinod 6 ; Jurisica, Igor 7 ; Cameron, L C 8 

 Lorraine Protein Biochemistry Group, Graduate Program in Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil; [email protected] (R.M.-S.); [email protected] (E.P.) 
 Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-250, Brazil; [email protected] 
 Laboratory for Research in Physical Exercise and Metabolism, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil; [email protected]; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil 
 Lorraine Protein Biochemistry Group, Graduate Program in Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil; [email protected] (R.M.-S.); [email protected] (E.P.); Laboratory for Research in Physical Exercise and Metabolism, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil; [email protected] 
 Waters Technologies, Milford, MA 01757, USA; [email protected] 
 Arthritis Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; [email protected]; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada 
 Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; [email protected]; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia 
 Lorraine Protein Biochemistry Group, Graduate Program in Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil; [email protected] (R.M.-S.); [email protected] (E.P.); Arthritis Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; [email protected] 
First page
3538
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20726643
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3120726955
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.