Abstract

Data evaluating effectiveness of XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines against JN.1-related endpoints are scarce. This nationwide test-negative case-control study within the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System aims to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine compared to not receiving an XBB vaccine of any kind against COVID-19 hospitalization, emergency department or urgent care visits (ED/UC), and outpatient visits. Between September 25, 2023 and January 31, 2024, effectiveness was 24–35% during a period of JN.1 predominance and 50–61% during XBB predominance across all outcomes. VE within 60 days of vaccination during the likely JN.1 period was 32% (95% confidence interval 3–52%) against hospitalization, 41% (23–54%) against ED/UC visits, and 31% (1–52%) against outpatient visits. Corresponding VE during the likely XBB period was 62% (44–74%), 52% (37–63%), and 50% (25–66%) by setting, respectively. Here, we show the importance of strain match to maximize the public health impact of COVID-19 vaccination.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine against COVID-19 outcomes within the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, finding 50–61% during XBB predominance and 24–35% effectiveness during JN.1 predominance, emphasizing the importance of strain match.

Details

Title
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 XBB vaccine in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Author
Caffrey, Aisling R. 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Appaneal, Haley J. 2 ; Lopes, Vrishali V. 3 ; Puzniak, Laura 4 ; Zasowski, Evan J. 4 ; Jodar, Luis 4 ; LaPlante, Kerry L. 5 ; McLaughlin, John M. 4 

1  Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Infectious Diseases Research Program, Providence, USA; Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Center of Innovation in Long-Term Support Services, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.458540.8); University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, USA (GRID:grid.20431.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 0416 2242); Brown University, School of Public Health, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.40263.33) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9094) 
2  Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Infectious Diseases Research Program, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.40263.33); Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Center of Innovation in Long-Term Support Services, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.458540.8); University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, USA (GRID:grid.20431.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 0416 2242) 
3  Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Infectious Diseases Research Program, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.20431.34) 
4  Pfizer Inc. New York, New York, USA (GRID:grid.410513.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 8800 7493) 
5  Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Infectious Diseases Research Program, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.410513.2); Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Center of Innovation in Long-Term Support Services, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.458540.8); University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, USA (GRID:grid.20431.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 0416 2242) 
Pages
9490
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20411723
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53842-w
ProQuest document ID
3123433604
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.