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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To assess the cytocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) and quercetin hydrogels versus calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medications (ICMs) against an endodontic ex vivo biofilm model. Methods: Single-rooted teeth (n = 50) were prepared and sterilized before being infected with E. faecalis to develop a mature biofilm. They were divided into five equal groups according to the ICM used: G1: medicated with CH paste, G2: medicated with GSE hydrogel, G3: medicated with quercetin hydrogel, G4: positive control group that was infected and not medicated, and G5: negative control group that was neither infected nor medicated. After 1 week, the ICM was removed, and the root canals were cultured to assess the antibacterial efficacy by counting the colony-forming units and the anti-biofilm efficacy by the crystal violet assay. Dead/live bacterial viability was assessed by CFLSM examination, while the cytocompatibility was assessed using the MTT assay. Results: CH had the best antibacterial efficacy, followed by GSE and quercetin hydrogels (p < 0.001). Regarding the anti-biofilm efficacy, GSE was superior, followed by quercetin and CH (p < 0.001). CFLSM examination showed CH and GSE hydrogel to be highly effective in comparison to the positive control (p < 0.0001), with no statistical difference between them (p > 0.05). CH showed significantly higher cell viability percentages using a 500 μg/mL, while quercetin and GSE started to show cell viability > 70% at concentrations of 125 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL. Conclusions: CH fulfilled the ideal requirements of ICM as being both antibacterial and non-cytotoxic compared to the other materials tested.

Details

Title
Cytocompatibility, Antibacterial, and Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin Hydrogels Against a Mature Endodontic Biofilm Ex Vivo Model
Author
Huda Mohammed Ahmed Aqabat 1 ; Abouelseoud, Mohamed 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Rafaat, Shereen N 2 ; Shamel, Mohamed 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Schäfer, Edgar 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Erick Miranda Souza 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Saber, Shehabeldin 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt; [email protected] (H.M.A.A.); [email protected] (M.A.) 
 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt; [email protected]; Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt; [email protected] 
 Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt; [email protected]; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt 
 Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance, School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany 
 Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis 65080-805, Brazil; [email protected] 
 Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt; [email protected] (H.M.A.A.); [email protected] (M.A.); Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt; [email protected] 
First page
6464
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20770383
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3126040136
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.