Abstract
This study investigates stress-deformation behavior in Himalayan tunnels, focusing on how geological features impact stability. The objective is to enhance the understanding of displacement phenomena, particularly in tunnels traversing jointed rocks. A modified support system, to specific rock mass classifications, is employed to address the unique challenges posed by geological discontinuities. Kinematic analysis reveals a 20% probability of wedge failure due to these discontinuities. Numerical analysis using Hoek–Brown parameters identifies significant stress concentrations at the tunnel crown, especially in jointed sections, where increased convergence and displacement (1.2 mm at the crown compared to 0.25 mm at the walls) highlight the susceptibility to deformation. The study indicates the critical need for specialized support in jointed regions to mitigate stability risks.
Article highlights
This study contributes understanding of complex interactions between geological features and tunnel stability, regarding stress-deformation phenomena in Himalayan tunnels.
The analysis identifies significant stability concerns, including a concerning 20% probability of wedge failure and increasing stress levels at the tunnel crown. It underscores the importance of support systems and proactive risk management strategies to mitigate instability risks, particularly in ultramafic sections characterized by higher stresses.
The research highlights the importance of considering dynamic loading conditions, validation with field data, and long-term variations in stress and deformation for a comprehensive understanding of tunnel stability. Future investigations should explore the influence of groundwater flow and seismic information, to examining advanced support systems.
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1 Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming, China (GRID:grid.218292.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 8571 108X); Karakoram International University (KIU), Department of Mining Engineering, Gilgit, Pakistan (GRID:grid.440534.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0637 8987)
2 Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming, China (GRID:grid.218292.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 8571 108X)
3 Aksum University, Department of Mining Engineering, Aksum, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.448640.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0514 3385); Akita University, Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology and Materials Engineering for Resources, Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita, Japan (GRID:grid.251924.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 8504)
4 University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mining Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan (GRID:grid.444938.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 0609 0078)
5 Malla Reddy Engineering College, Department of Mining Engineering, Hyderabad, India (GRID:grid.411828.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0683 7715)
6 Rajasthan Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kota, India (GRID:grid.449434.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1800 3365)
7 Federal University of Technology Akure, Department of Mining Engineering, Akure, Nigeria (GRID:grid.411257.4) (ISNI:0000 0000 9518 4324)
8 King Abdulaziz University, Department Mining Engineering, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.412125.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0619 1117)
9 Aksum University, Department of Mining Engineering, Aksum, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.448640.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0514 3385)
10 Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.412266.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 1781 3962)
11 Aksum University, Department of Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Mines, Aksum, Ethiopia (GRID:grid.448640.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0514 3385)