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Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted landscape of skin bioprinting, revolutionizing dermatological research. The applications of skin bioprinting utilizing techniques like extrusion-, droplet-, laser- and light-based methods, with specialized bioinks for skin biofabrication have been critically reviewed along with the intricate aspects of bioprinting hair follicles, sweat glands, and achieving skin pigmentation. Challenges remain with the need for vascularization, safety concerns, and the integration of automated processes for effective clinical translation. The review further investigates the incorporation of biosensor technologies, emphasizing their role in monitoring and enhancing the wound healing process. While highlighting the remarkable progress in the field, critical limitations and concerns are critically examined to provide a balanced perspective. This synthesis aims to guide scientists, engineers, and healthcare providers, fostering a deeper understanding of the current state, challenges, and future directions in skin bioprinting for transformative applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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1 Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America
2 Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America
3 Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center , New York, NY, United States of America
4 The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America
5 Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center , New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, NY, United States of America
6 Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America; Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America; Cancer Institute, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America; Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University , University Park, PA, United States of America; Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University , Adana, Turkey