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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

High-capacity communication networks are built to provide high throughput and low latency to accommodate the growing demand for bandwidth. However, the provision of these features is subject to a robust underlying network, which can provide high capacity with maximum reliability in terms of the system’s connection availability. This work optimizes an existing 2D spectral–spatial optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) passive optical network (PON) to maximize connection availability while maintaining desirable communication capacity and capital expenditure. Optimization is performed by employing ring topology at the feeder level, which is used to provide a redundant path in case of connection failures. Furthermore, high transmission capacity is ensured by utilizing a pseudo-3D double-weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC) code. The analysis is performed with Optisystem simulations to observe the performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER), received power, and eye openings. It is observed that the introduction of ring topology at the feeder level of the PON does not impact the overall transmission capacity of the system. The system can still support maximum transmission capacity at receiver sensitivities of up to −19 dB. Reliability analysis also shows that the optimized ring-based architecture can provide desirable connection availability compared to the existing system.

Details

Title
Fault Tolerant Spectral/Spatial Optical Code Division Multiple Access Passive Optical Network
Author
Ullah, Rahat 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ullah, Sibghat 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ren, Jianxin 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mao, Yaya 1 ; Qi, Zhipeng 1 ; Hussain, Jamil 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wang, Feng 1 ; Khan, Faheem 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Waqas Ahmed Imtiaz 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Institute of Optics and Electronics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] (R.U.); ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory on Meteorological Photonics and Optoelectronic Detection, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 
 School of Electronic Science and Technology, Southeast University China, Nanjing 210018, China; [email protected] 
 Department of Artificial Intelligence Data Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea 
 Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea 
 Electrical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan 
First page
7355
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
14248220
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3133388652
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.