Full text

Turn on search term navigation

© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

(1) Background: Food and feed safety legislation does not concern all the mycotoxins generated by Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. Certain mycotoxins, including mycophenolic acid (MPA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), penicillic acid (PA), roquefortine C (ROQ C), and gliotoxin (GLI), are regarded as having lower toxicity levels, and hence are not included in food and feed legislation. It is obvious that xenobiotics, including mycotoxins, exert synergistic harmful health effects on human and animal when exposed through food and feed. (2) Methods: The presence of these substances in maize and wheat grown in Albania across two consecutive harvesting seasons was investigated by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). (3) Results: The findings indicated the presence of these mycotoxins in maize grain but not in wheat grain. In the 2014 season, they exhibited a higher contamination incidence than in the 2015 season. The most commonly detected mycotoxin was MPA, followed by CPA and ROQ C toxin, while PA and GLI were not detected. The MPA revealed a concentration range of 72.9–3447 μg/kg, with a mean value of 1064 μg/kg. Mycophenolic acid was detected in the maize samples collected during the 2015 season. (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that focusing the investigation only on “controlled” mycotoxins will not produce a proper risk assessment and may not adequately address the possible harmful impacts of mycotoxins on human and animal health due to mycotoxins’ co-occurrence.

Details

Title
The Presence of Some Minor Aspergillus and Penicillium Unregulated Mycotoxins in Main Cereals Cultivated in Albania
Author
Dritan Topi 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zamir Damani 2 ; Babič, Janja 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Breda Jakovac-Strajn 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tavčar-Kalcher, Gabrijela 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (B.J.-S.); [email protected] (G.T.-K.); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blvd. Zogu 1, No. 25/1, 1016 Tirana, Albania 
 Department of Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Technical Sciences, University of Medicine of Tirana, Kongresi i Manastirit Street, P.O. BOX 1000 Tirana, Albania; [email protected] 
 Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (B.J.-S.); [email protected] (G.T.-K.) 
First page
5292
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
14203049
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3133391888
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.