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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is crucial for human health. As a key component of various enzymes and proteins, selenium primarily exerts its biological functions in the form of selenoproteins within the body. Currently, over 30 types of selenoproteins have been identified, with more than 20 of them containing selenocysteine residues. Among these, glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs), and iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs) have been widely studied. Selenium boasts numerous biological functions, including antioxidant properties, immune system enhancement, thyroid function regulation, anti-cancer effects, cardiovascular protection, reproductive capability improvement, and anti-inflammatory activity. Despite its critical importance to human health, the range between selenium’s nutritional and toxic doses is very narrow. Insufficient daily selenium intake can lead to selenium deficiency, while excessive intake carries the risk of selenium toxicity. Therefore, selenium intake must be controlled within a relatively precise range. This article reviews the distribution and intake of selenium, as well as its absorption and metabolism mechanisms in the human body. It also explores the multiple biological functions and mechanisms of selenium in maintaining human health. The aim is to provide new insights and evidence for further elucidating the role of selenium and selenoproteins in health maintenance, as well as for future nutritional guidelines and public health policies.

Details

Title
Effects and Impact of Selenium on Human Health, A Review
Author
Bai, Song 1 ; Zhang, Miaohe 2 ; Tang, Shouying 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Li, Miao 3 ; Wu, Rong 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wan, Suran 3 ; Chen, Lijun 3 ; Wei, Xian 2 ; Feng, Shuang 2 

 Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College, Guiyang 550008, China; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (R.W.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (L.C.); School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (S.F.); National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China 
 School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (S.F.) 
 Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College, Guiyang 550008, China; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (R.W.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (L.C.) 
First page
50
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
14203049
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3153791293
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.