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Introduction
Although milk is a key component of human nutrition, it may also act as a haven for several foodborne diseases1. These bacteria pose a serious risk to public health because they can contaminate milk at various points during production, processing, and storage. Foodborne infections are a major global health hazard that arise from eating food infected with microorganisms or their toxins2. Every year, millions of people worldwide contract these diseases, highlighting the urgent need for improved food safety protocols. As a result, the food sector has prioritized maintaining food safety a top priority3.
Essential oils (EOs) are a class of secondary metabolites that are extracted from aromatic and therapeutic plants. These complex and volatile chemicals are widely used in many industries, such as fragrances, cosmetics, and even food applications4. However, the potential of EOs extends beyond their well-known applications. Their varied chemical makeup, which is affected by extraction methods, plant genetics, and geographic origin, provides novel possibilities for their use in food safety. Foodborne diseases and a wide range of other bacteria can be efficiently inhibited from growing by EOs, as demonstrated by numerous studies5.
The purpose of this study was to examine EOs’ potential of EOs as a natural substitute for bacterial contamination control in milk. We investigated their efficacy against bacteria isolated from raw milk samples obtained from local vendors in Pune, Maharashtra, India, with a focus on their antimicrobial and antibiofilm qualities6. The objective of this study was to enhance food safety and reduce the hazards associated with bacterial contamination of milk by assessing the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils against milk-borne bacteria7. Antibiotics were once used to treat bacterial contamination in milk. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have emerged because of the overuse of antibiotics, raising concerns regarding their efficacy and possible health problems related to antibiotic residues in milk8.
The transmission of microorganisms resistant to drugs (MDR) is a serious hazard to both human and animal health. The increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the food chain, especially in the dairy industry, indicates the need for alternative antimicrobial medications. Because of their antibacterial properties, essential oils (EOs) have attracted considerable attention9. This...