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Introduction
Environmental Education (EE) plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, pollution, and ecosystem degradation [1]. The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlights that the world is already experiencing the impacts of climate change [2]. Humans, as environmental actors, must act positively towards the environment to manage and reduce environmental problems in the present and future [3]. In reality, the sustainability of environmental education has received little attention. The consistency and commitment of teachers and schools to environmental education efforts have also declined. Lack of environmental awareness among students both inside and outside the classroom [4]. As environmental problems increase and governments implement environmental policies, environmental education becomes an urgent concern. Various stakeholders are concerned about its potential impact on education and the environment [5, 6]. The problem of environmental education in educational institutions is that not all schools prioritize it. The absence of green open spaces in schools, the absence of an environmental vision and mission, and the absence of extracurricular activities and environmental programs clearly show this [7]. Schools have organized education that contains values and instills positive behavior towards the environment. However, the results are not always as expected. Environmental education runs continuously, both formally and informally [8, 9].
Not many teachers are aware of and implement the integration of subjects with environmental materials. Teachers' commitment to environmental education is low. Ideas or programs related to the environment do not run as expected. Environmental programs in schools are no longer the main focus. The vision and mission no longer include the environment. Teachers do not integrate environmental materials into the learning process. Teachers do not choose environmental ideas for their moments and activities. The EE can encourage effective pro-environmental actions. It aims to change human attitudes and behavior to be more rational in maintaining the environment and responsible for the quality of life now and in the future through the education process [10]. Ajzen et al. [11] stated that teachers as agents of change who are specially trained in environmental education are better able to motivate students to act pro-environmentally. Sudarsono [12] found that students who are active in environmental clubs have a higher level of environmental awareness. Schools can act as...