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Abstract
Scientific collaboration yields many advantages, especially in fields that require interdisciplinary approaches, as it fosters the sharing of knowledge and resources and is essential for the implementation of complex projects. The concept of scientific internationalism emerged around the 1900s, emphasizing that science surpasses national boundaries and promotes global peace and collaboration. International scientific cooperation is halted by geopolitical tensions and conflicts, such as World War II and the Cold War. Nevertheless, many examples show that scientific collaboration can surpass conflicts and bring scientific and society development, such as in the cases of the Tick-borne Encephalitis vaccine, the Apollo-Soyuz test project and more recently the international endeavour for COVID-19 vaccine development. In this contest, UN and WHO have an imporant role to promote peace and scientific cooperation, examplified by the 16th Sustainable Development Goal, to “Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies”.
This review aims to assess the available literature regarding international scientific collaboration and the role of scientific societies in promoting scientific cooperation.
Scientific societies have proved to be pivotal in bridging cultures and promoting international cooperation. Apart from the historical example of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, which showed an important cooperation between Western and Eastern countries during the Cold War, the scientific society European Biotechnology thematic network Association (EBTNA) has international scientific cooperation as one of its critical goals.
Scientific societies such as EBTNA will be pivotal in promoting international scientific cooperation and fostering international activities and scientific research.
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1 Faculty of Law, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
2 MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
3 School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
4 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
5 Centre for Bioethics, Department of Philosophy and Applied Philosophy, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
6 The Avram and Stella Goldstein Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
7 Department of Biotechnology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia; International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
8 UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Lecco, Merate, Italy
9 Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
10 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
11 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey; Halil Bayraktar Health Services Vocational School, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
12 Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
13 Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy; Diagnostic and rehabilitative Service - San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Rome, Italy
14 MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; Génius n. o., Medical Geneticists’ Office, Trnava, Slovakia
15 San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
16 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, SyNaBi, Grenoble, France
17 Department of Biotechnology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
18 The Roxbury Institute, Beverly Hills, California, and Tucson, Arizona, USA
19 MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA