The prognostic value of systemic inflammation response index in digestive system carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Digestive system carcinomas (DSC) constitute a significant proportion of solid tumors, with incidence rates rising steadily each year. The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) has been identified as a potential prognostic marker for survival in various types DSC. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of SIRI in patients with DSC.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, searching for studies published from inception to May 30, 2023. Eligible studies included cohort studies that assessed the association between pre-treatment SIRI levels and DSC prognosis. We extracted and synthesized hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using STATA/SE 12.0, stratifying HRs based on univariable and multivariable analysis. Due to substantial heterogeneity, we applied a random-effect model for all pooled analyses. The primary outcome of interest was the overall survival (OS), while secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), time to progression (TTP), and disease specific survival (DSS). Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s test and Egger’s tests.

Results

A total of 34 cohort studies encompassing 9628 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Notable heterogeneity was observedin the OS (I² = 76.5%, p < 0.001) and PFS (I² = 82.8%, p = 0.001) subgroups, whereas no significant heterogeneity was detected in the DFS, TTP, and DSS subgroups. Elevated SIRI was found to be significantly associated with shorter OS (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.70–2.30, tau² = 0.0966) and poorer PFS (HR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.58–3.53, tau² = 0.1319), DFS (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.61–2.01, tau² < 0.0001), TTP (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.47–2.81, tau² = 0.0232), and DSS (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.46–2.72, tau² < 0.0001). Furthermore, an increase in SIRI following treatment was linked to reduced OS, TTP, and DFS, while a decrease in SIRI post-treatment corresponded with improved OS, TTP, and DFS compared to baseline levels.

Conclusions

Elevated SIRI is associated with poorer clinical outcomes in patients with DSC. This index may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker, offering a promising tool for predicting survival in DSC patients.

PROSPERO: registration number

CRD42023430962