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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Natriuretic peptides are established biomarkers related to the prognosis of heart failure. New biomarkers have emerged in the field of cardiovascular disease. The prognostic value of these biomarkers in heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction is not well-established. We conducted a prospective, single-centre study, including (July 2019 to March 2023) 104 patients being consecutively admitted with a diagnosis of acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction decompensation. The median follow-up was 23.5 months, during which 20 deaths (19.4%) and 21 readmissions for heart failure (20.2%) were recorded. Plasma biomarkers, such as NT-proBNP, GDF-15, sST2, suPAR, and FGF-23, were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. However, a Cox regression analysis showed that the strongest predictors of mortality were an estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR 0.96 [0.93–0.98]), GDF-15 (HR 1.3 [1.16–1.45]), and sST2 (HR 1.2 [1.11–1.35]). The strongest predictive model was formed by the combination of the glomerular filtration rate and sST2 (C-index 0.758). In conclusion, in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GDF-15 and sST2 showed the highest predictive power for all-cause mortality, which was superior to other established biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides. GDF-15 and sST2 may provide additional prognostic information to improve the prognostic assessment.

Details

Title
New Biomarkers in the Prognostic Assessment of Acute Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Beyond Natriuretic Peptides
Author
Cortés, Marcelino 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lumpuy-Castillo, Jairo 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; García-Talavera, Camila Sofía 3 ; Arroyo Rivera, María Belén 4 ; Lara de Miguel 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bollas, Antonio José 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Romero-Otero, Jose Maria 5 ; Esteban Chapel, Jose Antonio 5 ; Taibo-Urquía, Mikel 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pello, Ana María 1 ; González-Casaus, María Luisa 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mahíllo-Fernández, Ignacio 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lorenzo, Oscar 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tuñón, José 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Cardiology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (L.d.M.); [email protected] (A.J.B.); [email protected] (J.M.R.-O.); [email protected] (J.A.E.C.); [email protected] (M.T.-U.); [email protected] (A.M.P.); [email protected] (J.T.); Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (UAX), 28691 Madrid, Spain 
 Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (J.L.-C.); [email protected] (O.L.); Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain 
 Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario San Millán—San Pedro, 26004 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain; [email protected] 
 Cardiology Department, HM Montepríncipe University Hospital, 28660 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 
 Cardiology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (L.d.M.); [email protected] (A.J.B.); [email protected] (J.M.R.-O.); [email protected] (J.A.E.C.); [email protected] (M.T.-U.); [email protected] (A.M.P.); [email protected] (J.T.) 
 Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 
 Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 
 Cardiology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (L.d.M.); [email protected] (A.J.B.); [email protected] (J.M.R.-O.); [email protected] (J.A.E.C.); [email protected] (M.T.-U.); [email protected] (A.M.P.); [email protected] (J.T.); Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases CIBERCV, Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain 
First page
986
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
ISSN
16616596
e-ISSN
14220067
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3165897711
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.