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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The resin of Commiphora africana and the resin and bark of Boswellia papyrifera play versatile roles in traditional Sudanese culture, including use in inhalation therapy, liquid remedies, and as chewing gum. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the volatile compounds in these materials using various extraction methods and assess their biological activities. Extraction methods included MonoTrap solid-phase microextraction, smoke solvent trapping, and acetone immersion. Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis of MonoTrap extracts identified highly volatile compounds, while smoke extracts contained compounds with lower volatility. Solvent immersion captured a broader range of compounds. The resin of C. africana was rich in limonene, verbenone, and β-selinene, whereas B. papyrifera extracts contained octyl acetate, trans-nerolidol, and nerolidol isobutyrate as major compounds. Biological assays showed C. africana smoke extract inhibited tyrosinase activity, with p-cymene and S-limonene acting as competitive inhibitors. It also inhibited the growth of cancer cells, A549 and MIA Paca-2, while solvent extracts from both resins inhibited all tested cell lines. Further, the acetone extracts exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. These results highlight the differences in chemical composition between the two species, the impact of extraction methods, and the therapeutic potential of C. africana and B. papyrifera as sources of bioactive compounds.

Details

Title
Exploring Volatiles and Biological Effects of Commiphora africana and Boswellia papyrifera Incense
Author
Eltigani, Sara A 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ohta, Chisato 2 ; Nakamiya, Ryota 2 ; Yokono, Mizuki 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bito, Tomohiro 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Takahashi, Kenji 4 ; Yabuta, Yukinori 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Eltayeb, Mohamed M 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ohta, Toshio 4 ; Ishihara, Atsushi 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 School of Health Sciences, Ahfad University for Women, Arda Street, Omdurman 14411, Sudan; [email protected]; Department of Agricultural, Life, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] (C.O.); [email protected] (R.N.); [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (Y.Y.) 
 Department of Agricultural, Life, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] (C.O.); [email protected] (R.N.); [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (Y.Y.) 
 Technical Department, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan; [email protected] 
 Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.O.) 
 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 14413, Sudan; [email protected]; International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan 
 Department of Agricultural, Life, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] (C.O.); [email protected] (R.N.); [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (Y.Y.); International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan 
First page
499
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
14203049
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3165923297
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.