Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background

Observational studies provide important information about the effects of exposures that cannot be easily studied in clinical trials, such as nutritional exposures, but are subject to confounding. Investigators adjust for confounders by entering them as covariates in analytic models.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reporting and credibility of methods for selection of covariates in nutritional epidemiology studies.

Methods

We sampled 150 nutritional epidemiology studies published in 2007/2008 and 2017/2018 from the top 5 high-impact nutrition and medical journals and extracted information on methods for selection of covariates.

Results

Most studies did not report selecting covariates a priori (94.0%) or criteria for selection of covariates (63.3%). There was general inconsistency in choice of covariates, even among studies investigating similar questions. One-third of studies did not acknowledge potential for residual confounding in their discussion.

Conclusion

Studies often do not report methods for selection of covariates, follow available guidance for selection of covariates, nor discuss potential for residual confounding.

Details

Title
Methods for the Selection of Covariates in Nutritional Epidemiology Studies: A Meta-Epidemiological Review
Author
Zeraatkar, Dena 1 ; Cheung, Kevin 2 ; Milio, Kirolos 2 ; Zworth, Max 2 ; Gupta, Arnav 3 ; Bhasin, Arrti 1 ; Bartoszko, Jessica J 1 ; Kiflen, Michel 4 ; Morassut, Rita E 5 ; Noor, Salmi T 1 ; Lawson, Daeria O 1 ; Johnston, Bradley C 6 ; Bangdiwala, Shrikant I 4 ; de Souza, Russell J 4 

 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 
 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 
 Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 
 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 
 Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada 
 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 
Publication year
2019
Publication date
Oct 2019
Publisher
Oxford University Press
e-ISSN
24752991
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3169477997
Copyright
Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.