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Abstract
Dog ownership has been associated with several complex traits, and there is evidence of genetic influence. We performed a genome-wide association study of dog ownership through a meta-analysis of 31,566 Swedish twins in 5 discovery cohorts and an additional 65,986 European-ancestry individuals in 3 replication cohorts from Sweden, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Association tests with >7.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms were meta-analyzed using a fixed effect model after controlling for population structure and relatedness. We identified 2 suggestive loci using discovery cohorts, which did not reach genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with replication cohorts. Single-nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of dog ownership using linkage disequilibrium score regression was estimated at 0.123 (CI 0.038–0.207) using the discovery cohorts and 0.018 (CI −0.002 to 0.039) when adding in replication cohorts. Negative genetic correlation with complex traits including type 2 diabetes, depression, neuroticism, and asthma was only found using discovery summary data. Furthermore, we did not identify any genes/gene-sets reaching even a suggestive level of significance. This genome-wide association study does not, by itself, provide clear evidence on common genetic variants that influence dog ownership among European-ancestry individuals.
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Details
1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm SE-171 77 , Sweden
2 Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London , London WC1E 7HB UK
3 K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim NO-7491 , Norway
4 Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm SE-171 77 , Sweden
5 23andMe, Inc. , Sunnyvale, CA 94086 , USA
6 Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala SE-751 85 , Sweden