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Abstract
Since the discovery of B chromosomes, multiple different definitions of these selfish genetic elements have been put forth. We reconsidered early definitions in light of recently published studies. While there are many characteristics that vary among different B chromosomes, such as their evolutionary origins, size, segregation behaviors, gene content, and function, there is one defining trait of all B chromosomes: they are nonessential for the organism. The points raised here may be useful for framing future B chromosome studies and help guide the categorization of new chromosomal elements that are uncovered in genomic studies.
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1 Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer College, Scripps College , Claremont, CA 91711 , USA
2 Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute for the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade , Belgrade 11060 , Serbia
3 Department of Cytogenetics and Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben , Seeland 06466 , Germany
4 Institute of Bioscience at Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu, SP 18618-689 , Brazil
5 Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck , Mondsee A-5310 , Austria