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Copyright © 2025 Marco Felipe Salas Orozco et al. Journal of Nanotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Abstract

Background: The efficacy of endodontic treatments, essential for managing infections and injuries in dental pulp, heavily relies on completely eradicating microorganisms from the root canal system. Traditional methods often fail to achieve thorough disinfection, prompting the exploration of polymeric nanoparticles for their potential to enhance cleanliness.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate the use and effectiveness of polymeric nanoparticles in endodontic treatments, with a specific focus on their antimicrobial properties.

Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion involved inoculated root canals, dentine, or endodontic medicaments containing relevant microbial species. The interventions examined included the application of polymeric nanoparticles that contain antimicrobial agents, sometimes enhanced by ultrasound or photodynamic therapy, compared against control groups without treatment. The primary outcome was the reduction in bacterial load. Systematic searches were conducted in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar and completed by January 31, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified Cochrane tool, and results were synthesized descriptively due to heterogeneity in methodologies and reporting across the studies.

Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, primarily focusing on bacterial strains like Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Results indicated that nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, especially those made of chitosan and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). This suggests a potential to revolutionize root canal disinfection processes. However, clinical translation faces challenges such as ensuring nanoparticle stability, biocompatibility, and cost-effective manufacturing processes.

Discussion: The evidence was limited by variability in study designs and microbial strains, the absence of clinical trials, and inconsistent reporting precluded a meta-analysis. Despite promising in vitro results, several barriers hinder the clinical implementation of nanoparticle-based therapies. Long-term safety data are sparse, and the potential for adverse effects like inflammatory responses and antimicrobial resistance remains a concern. Additionally, achieving optimal delivery within the intricate anatomy of the root canal system requires further innovation. Addressing these challenges is critical for transitioning from experimental to practical applications.

Details

Title
Antimicrobial Polymeric Nanoparticles in Endodontics: A Systematic Review
Author
Marco Felipe Salas Orozco 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Idania de Alba Montero 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Oscar Lozano Gonzalez 1 ; Casillas Santana, Miguel Angel 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Luna Domínguez, Jorge Humberto 4 ; Olivares-Acosta, Iván 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Medina Solis, Carlo Eduardo 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Nuria Patiño Marín 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Clinical Research Laboratory Faculty of Stomatology Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí Mexico 
 Department of Nanomaterials Faculty of Sciences Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí Mexico 
 Department of Master’s Degree in Stomatology with a Terminal Option in Orthodontics Faculty of Stomatology Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla Puebla Mexico 
 Department of Research Center Autonomous University of Tamaulipas School of Dentistry Tampico-Madero University Center Tampico Tamaulipas, Mexico 
 Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Autonomous University of Baja California Tijuana Baja California, Mexico 
 Department of Health Sciences Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute Autonomous University of Hidalgo State Pachuca 42160 Mexico 
Editor
Amir Elzwawy
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISSN
16879503
e-ISSN
16879511
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3169862846
Copyright
Copyright © 2025 Marco Felipe Salas Orozco et al. Journal of Nanotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/