Abstract

Background

Little is known about the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infection in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) with vaccine-induced or hybrid immunity. We assessed the incidence of Omicron infection in 209 AGEhIV coronavirus disease 2019 substudy participants with well-controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy and 280 comparable controls, who had received at least the primary vaccination series.

Methods

From September 2020 onward, participants were assessed every 6 months for the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, per SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay or self-reported positive antigen or polymerase chain reaction test. Between 1 January and 31 October 2022, the cumulative incidence of Omicron infection and associated risk factors were estimated using a conditional risk-set Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

The cumulative incidence of a first Omicron infection was 58.3% by 31 October 2022, not significantly different between groups. HIV status was not independently associated with acquiring Omicron infection. Former and current smoking, as well as an increased predicted anti-spike immunoglobulin G titer were significantly associated with a lower risk of Omicron infection. The majority of infections were symptomatic, but none required hospitalization.

Conclusions

People with well-controlled HIV and controls in our cohort experienced a similarly high proportion of Omicron infections. More booster vaccinations significantly reduced the risk of infection.

Clinical Trial Registration. NCT01466582

Details

Title
Similar Limited Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Infection in Vaccinated Individuals With HIV and Comparable Controls
Author
Verburgh, Myrthe L 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Boyd, Anders 1 ; Maarten F Schim van der Loeff 1 ; Bakker, Margreet 2 ; Ferdinand W N M Wit 1 ; van der Valk, Marc 1 ; Grobben, Marloes 2 ; Lisa van Pul 2 ; Tejjani, Khadija 2 ; Jacqueline van Rijswijk 2 ; van Gils, Marit J 2 ; Kootstra, Neeltje A 2 ; van der Hoek, Lia 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Reiss, Peter 1 ; Reiss, P; F W N M Wit; van der Valk, M; Boyd, A; Verburgh, M L; I A J van der Wulp; Vanbellinghen, M C; van Eeden, C J; M F Schim van der Loeff; Koole, J C D; L del Grande; Agard, I; Zaheri, S; Hillebregt, M M J; Ruijs, Y M C; Benschop, D P; A el Berkaoui; Kootstra, N A; Harskamp-Holwerda, A M; Maurer, I; Mangas Ruiz, M M; B D N Boeser-Nunnink; Starozhitskaya, O S; van der Hoek, L; Bakker, M; van Gils, M J; Dol, L; Rongen, G; Geerlings, S E; Goorhuis, A; Hovius, J W R; Nellen, F J B; Prins, J M; van der Poll, T; Wiersinga, W J; M van Vugt; de Bree, G; Lemkes, B A; Spoorenberg, V; J van Eden; Pijnappel, F J J; Weijsenfeld, A; Smalhout, S; I J Hylkema - van den Bout; Bruins, C; Spelbrink, M E; Postema, P G; P H L T Bisschop; Dekker, E; van der Velde, N; Franssen, R; Willemsen, J M R; Vogt, L; Portegies, P; Geurtsen, G J; Visser, I; Schadé, A; Nieuwkerk, P T; van Steenwijk, R P; Jonkers, R E; C B L M Majoie; Caan, M W A; B J H van den Born; Stroes, E S G; S van Oorspronk

 Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 
 Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 
Publication year
2024
Publication date
Jul 2024
Publisher
Oxford University Press
e-ISSN
23288957
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3170955371
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.