Abstract

Background

We conducted a multicentric national study (SEIMC-CEME-22), to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of the mpox outbreak in Spain, including the management of the disease.

Methods

This was a retrospective national observational study conducted by Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC) and Foundation SEIMC-GESIDA. We included patients with a confirmed mpox diagnosis before 13 July 2022, and attended at the Spanish health network (the early phase of the outbreak). Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data were collected.

Results

Of a total of 1472 patients from 52 centers included, 99% of them were cisgender men, mostly middle-aged, and 98.6% were residents in Spain. The main suspected route of transmission was sexual exposure, primarily among MSM. Occupational exposure was reported in 6 patients. Immunosuppression was present in 40% of patients, mainly due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only 6.5% of patients had been vaccinated against orthopoxvirus. Virus sequencing was performed in 147 patients (all B.1 lineage). Rash was the most frequent symptom (95.7%), followed by fever (48.2%), adenopathies (44.4%) myalgias (20.7%), proctitis (17%), and headache (14.7%). Simultaneously diagnosed sexually transmitted infections included syphilis (n = 129), gonococcal infection (n = 91), HIV (n = 67), chlamydia (n = 56), hepatitis B (n = 14), and hepatitis C (n = 11). No therapy was used in 479 patients (33%). Symptomatic therapies and antibiotics were used in 50% of cases. The most used therapy regimens were systemic corticoids (90 patients), tecovirimat (6 patients), and cidofovir (13 patients). Smallpox immunoglobulins were used in 1 patient. Fifty-eight patients were hospitalized, and 1 patient died.

Conclusions

Mpox outbreak in Spain affected primarily middle-aged men who were sexually active and showed a high rate of HIV infection. A range of heterogeneous therapeutics options was performed.

Details

Title
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of the 2022 Mpox Outbreak in Spain (CEME-22 Study)
Author
Ramírez-Olivencia, G 1 ; M Velasco Arribas 2 ; Vera García, M M 3 ; Casabona, J 4 ; Martínez, M J 2 ; F J Membrillo De Novales 1 ; García, E Orviz; A Cabello Ubeda; Muñoz, P; P Álvarez López; J I Bernardino De La Serna; I Pérez Camacho; J López-Contreras González; Á Gutiérrez Liarte; Ryan, P; G Jiménez Guerra; Vivancos Gallego, M J; Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez, M J; Hernández Betancor, M A; Milagro Beamonte, A M; González, E Lagaretos; A Muñoz Serrano; Lepe Jiménez, J A; A Ruiz Sancho; J Alcoba Flórez; Á Mena De Cea; Navarrete Lorite, M N; Corma-Gómez, A; Ocete, M D; M Simón Sacristán; O Martín Segarra; A Rivero Román; E Delgado Sánchez; Tendero, D Torrús; B Valle Borrego; Sanbonmatsu Gámez, S L; Van Den Eynde, E; A Pérez González; F Artigues Serra; P González-Ruano Pérez; Gerez Neira, D V; Amador-Prous, C; Galparsoro, H Azkune; L Mao Martín; D García Rosado; Ó Martínez Expósito; G Soria Fernández-Llamazares; M Blanco Soto; Morán Rodríguez, M Á; Treviño Castellano, M M; Masiá, M M; Castillo Navarro, A M; Sepúlveda Berrocal, M A; L Sánchez Gómez; A Vallejo Alonso; E Álvarez Artero; M D C Sáez Barber; E Bernal Morell; Ayerdi, Ó; I Carrillo Acosta; Veintimilla, C; Vidovic-Mendoza, P; Mora, M; Baza, B

 Hospital Central de la Defensa “Gómez Ulla.” Infectious Diseases Unit , Madrid , Spain 
 Grupo de Estudio de Patología Importada, Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC) , Madrid , Spain 
 Centro Sanitario Sandoval , HIV/STI Unit, Madrid , Spain 
 Grupo de Estudio de ITS, Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC) , Madrid , Spain 
Publication year
2024
Publication date
Mar 2024
Publisher
Oxford University Press
e-ISSN
23288957
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3170975452
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.