Abstract

Background

In resource-constrained settings, many people with HIV (PWH) are treated for tuberculosis (TB) without bacteriologic testing. Their mortality compared with those with bacteriologic testing is uncertain.

Methods

We conducted an observational cohort study among PWH ≥15 years of age initiating TB treatment at sites affiliated with 4 International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium regions from 2012 to 2014: Caribbean, Central and South America, and Central, East, and West Africa. The exposure of interest was the TB bacteriologic test status at TB treatment initiation: positive, negative, or no test result. The hazard of death in the 12 months after TB treatment initiation was estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model. Missing covariate values were multiply imputed.

Results

In 2091 PWH, median age 36 years, 53% had CD4 counts ≤200 cells/mm3, and 52% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at TB treatment initiation. The adjusted hazard of death was higher in patients with no test compared with those with positive test results (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–2.26). The hazard of death was also higher among those with negative compared with positive tests but was not statistically significant (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.91–1.81). Being on ART, having a higher CD4 count, and tertiary facility level were associated with a lower hazard for death.

Conclusions

There was some evidence that PWH treated for TB with no bacteriologic test results were at higher risk of death than those with positive tests. Research is needed to understand the causes of death in PWH treated for TB without bacteriologic testing.

Details

Title
Mortality Among People With HIV Treated for Tuberculosis Based on Positive, Negative, or No Bacteriologic Test Results for Tuberculosis: The IeDEA Consortium
Author
Humphrey, John M 1 ; Mpofu, Philani 2 ; Pettit, April C 3 ; Musick, Beverly 2 ; Carter, E Jane 4 ; Messou, Eugène 5 ; Olivier, Marcy 6 ; Crabtree-Ramirez, Brenda 7 ; Yotebieng, Marcel 8 ; Anastos, Kathryn 9 ; Sterling, Timothy R 3 ; Yiannoutsos, Constantin 2 ; Diero, Lameck 10 ; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara 1 

 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 
 Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 
 Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 
 Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 
 University of Bordeaux, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Prise en Charge de Recherche et de Formation (Aconda-CePReF), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 
 University of Bordeaux, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France; Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 
 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico 
 The Ohio State University, College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA 
 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA 
10  Department of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya 
Publication year
2020
Publication date
Jan 2020
Publisher
Oxford University Press
e-ISSN
23288957
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3171020912
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.