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Abstract
We apply independent component analysis (ICA) to real data from a gravitational wave detector for the first time. Specifically, we use the iKAGRA data taken in April 2016, and calculate the correlations between the gravitational wave strain channel and 35 physical environmental channels. Using a couple of seismic channels which are found to be strongly correlated with the strain, we perform ICA. Injecting a sinusoidal continuous signal in the strain channel, we find that ICA recovers correct parameters with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, which demonstrates the usefulness of this method. Among the two implementations of ICA used here, we find the correlation method yields the optimal results for the case of environmental noise acting on the strain channel linearly.
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Details
Title
Application of independent component analysis to the iKAGRA data
Author
Akutsu, T 1 ; Ando, M 2 ; Arai, K 3 ; Arai, Y 3 ; Araki, S 4 ; Araya, A 5 ; Aritomi, N 6 ; Asada, H 6 ; Aso, Y 7 ; Atsuta, S 8 ; Awai, K 9 ; Bae, S 10 ; Bae, Y 11 ; Baiotti, L 12 ; Bajpai, R 13 ; Barton, M A 6 ; Cannon, K 14 ; Capocasa, E 15 ; Chan, M 16 ; Chen, C 17 ; Chen, K 18 ; Chen, Y 19 ; Chu, H 18 ; Y -K Chu 20 ; Craig, K 3 ; Creus, W 20 ; Doi, K 21 ; Eda, K 14 ; Eguchi, S 16 ; Enomoto, Y 6 ; Flaminio, R 22 ; Fujii, Y 23 ; M -K Fujimoto 15 ; Fukunaga, M 3 ; Fukushima, M 15 ; Furuhata, T 21 ; G Ge 24 ; Hagiwara, A 25 ; Haino, S 20 ; Hasegawa, K 3 ; Hashino, K 21 ; Hayakawa, H 9 ; Hayama, K 16 ; Himemoto, Y 26 ; Hiranuma, Y 27 ; Hirata, N 15 ; Hirobayashi, S 28 ; Hirose, E 3 ; Hong, Z 29 ; Hsieh, B H 30 ; G -Z Huang 29 ; Huang, P 24 ; Huang, Y 20 ; Ikenoue, B 15 ; Imam, S 29 ; Inayoshi, K 31 ; Inoue, Y 18 ; Ioka, K 32 ; Itoh, Y 33 ; Izumi, K 34 ; Jung, K 35 ; Jung, P 9 ; Kaji, T 36 ; Kajita, T 37 ; Kakizaki, M 21 ; Kamiizumi, M 9 ; Kanbara, S 21 ; Kanda, N 33 ; Kanemura, S 38 ; Kaneyama, M 36 ; Kang, G 10 ; Kasuya, J 8 ; Kataoka, Y 8 ; Kawaguchi, K 3 ; Kawai, N 8 ; Kawamura, S 9 ; Kawasaki, T 6 ; Kim, C 39 ; Kim, J C 40 ; Kim, W S 11 ; Y -M Kim 35 ; Kimura, N 41 ; Kinugawa, T 42 ; Kirii, S 9 ; Kita, N 6 ; Kitaoka, Y 36 ; Kitazawa, H 21 ; Kojima, Y 43 ; Kokeyama, K 9 ; Komori, K 6 ; Kong, A K H 19 ; Kotake, K 16 ; Kozakai, C 44 ; Kozu, R 45 ; Kumar, R 46 ; Kume, J 47 ; Kuo, C 18 ; H -S Kuo 29 ; Kuroyanagi, S 48 ; Kusayanagi, K 8 ; Kwak, K 35 ; Lee, H K 49 ; Lee, H M 50 ; Lee, H W 40 ; Lee, R 19 ; Leonardi, M 15 ; Lin, C 35 ; C -Y Lin 51 ; F -L Lin 29 ; Liu, G C 52 ; Liu, Y 53 ; Luo, L 20 ; Majorana, E 54 ; Mano, S 55 ; Marchio, M 15 ; Matsui, T 56 ; Matsushima, F 21 ; Michimura, Y 6 ; Mio, N 57 ; Miyakawa, O 9 ; Miyamoto, A 36 ; Miyamoto, T 45 ; Miyazaki, Y 6 ; Miyo, K 9 ; Miyoki, S 9 ; Morii, W 58 ; Morisaki, S 14 ; Moriwaki, Y 21 ; Morozumi, T 3 ; Musha, M 59 ; Nagano, K 3 ; Nagano, S 60 ; Nakamura, K 15 ; Nakamura, T 61 ; Nakano, H 62 ; Nakano, M 63 ; Nakao, K 36 ; Nakashima, R 8 ; Narikawa, T 61 ; Naticchioni, L 54 ; Negishi, R 27 ; L Nguyen Quynh 64 ; W -T Ni 65 ; Nishizawa, A 14 ; Obuchi, Y 15 ; Ochi, T 3 ; Ogaki, W 3 ; Oh, J J 11 ; Oh, S H 11 ; Ohashi, M 9 ; Ohishi, N 44 ; Ohkawa, M 66 ; Okutomi, K 9 ; Oohara, K 27 ; Ooi, C P 6 ; Oshino, S 9 ; Pan, K 19 ; Pang, H 18 ; Park, J 67 ; Peña Arellano, F E 9 ; Pinto, I 68 ; Sago, N 69 ; Saijo, M 70 ; Saito, S 15 ; Saito, Y 9 ; Sakai, K 71 ; Sakai, Y 27 ; Sakuno, Y 16 ; Sasaki, M 72 ; Sasaki, Y 73 ; Sato, S 74 ; Sato, T 66 ; Sawada, T 75 ; Sekiguchi, T 14 ; Sekiguchi, Y 76 ; Seto, N 61 ; Shibagaki, S 16 ; Shibata, M 77 ; Shimizu, R 15 ; Shimoda, T 6 ; Shimode, K 9 ; Shinkai, H 78 ; Shishido, T 79 ; Shoda, A 15 ; Somiya, K 8 ; Son, E J 11 ; Sotani, H 15 ; Suemasa, A 59 ; Sugimoto, R 21 ; Suzuki, T 66 ; Tagoshi, H 3 ; Takahashi, H 73 ; Takahashi, R 15 ; Takamori, A 5 ; Takano, S 6 ; Takeda, H 6 ; Takeda, M 27 ; Tanaka, H 30 ; Tanaka, K 36 ; Tanaka, T 3 ; Tanioka, S 80 ; E N Tapia San Martin 15 ; Tatsumi, D 15 ; Telada, S 81 ; Tomaru, T 15 ; Tomigami, Y 75 ; Tomura, T 9 ; Travasso, F 82 ; Trozzo, L 9 ; Tsang, T 83 ; Tsubono, K 6 ; Tsuchida, S 75 ; Tsuzuki, T 15 ; Tuyenbayev, D 20 ; Uchikata, N 84 ; Uchiyama, T 9 ; Ueda, A 41 ; Uehara, T 85 ; Ueki, S 73 ; Ueno, K 14 ; Ueshima, G 73 ; Uraguchi, F 15 ; Ushiba, T 3 ; M H P M van Putten 86 ; Vocca, H 87 ; Wada, S 6 ; Wakamatsu, T 27 ; Wang, J 24 ; C Wu 19 ; H Wu 19 ; S Wu 19 ; W -R Xu 29 ; Yamada, T 30 ; Yamamoto, A 4 ; Yamamoto, K 21 ; Yamamoto, S 78 ; Yamamoto, T 9 ; Yokogawa, K 21 ; Yokoyama, J 47 ; Yokozawa, T 9 ; Yoon, T H 88 ; Yoshioka, T 21 ; Yuzurihara, H 3 ; Zeidler, S 15 ; Zhao, Y 15 ; Z -H Zhu 89
1 Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
2 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
3 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
4 Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
5 Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
6 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
7 Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
8 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
9 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
10 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
11 National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Korea
12 Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
13 School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
14 Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
15 Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
16 Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
17 Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
18 Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
19 Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
20 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
21 Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
22 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France; Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
23 Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
24 State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (WIPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, China
25 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
26 College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
27 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
28 Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
29 Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. 4, Taipei 116, Taiwan
30 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
31 Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
32 Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
33 Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
34 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
35 Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
36 Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
37 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
38 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
39 Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
40 Department of Computer Simulation, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Korea
41 Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
42 Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
43 Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan
44 Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
45 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
46 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
47 Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
48 Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
49 Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
50 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
51 National Center for High-performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
52 Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
53 Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
54 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sapienza University, Roma 00185, Italy
55 Department of Mathematical Analysis and Statistical Inference, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa City, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan
56 School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Seoul 02455, Korea
57 Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
58 Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
59 Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu City, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
60 The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
61 Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
62 Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
63 Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
64 Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
65 State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (WIPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
66 Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
67 Optical instrument developement team, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
68 Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
69 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
70 Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
71 Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
72 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
73 Department of Information & Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
74 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
75 Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
76 Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
77 Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
78 Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
79 The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
80 Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
81 National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
82 University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carderi 9, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
83 Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
84 Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
85 Department of Communications, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
86 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
87 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
88 Department of Physics, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
89 Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
1 Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
2 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
3 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
4 Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
5 Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
6 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
7 Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
8 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
9 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
10 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
11 National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Korea
12 Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
13 School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
14 Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
15 Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
16 Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
17 Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
18 Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
19 Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
20 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
21 Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
22 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France; Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
23 Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
24 State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (WIPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, China
25 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
26 College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
27 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
28 Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
29 Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. 4, Taipei 116, Taiwan
30 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
31 Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
32 Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
33 Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
34 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
35 Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
36 Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
37 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
38 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
39 Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
40 Department of Computer Simulation, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Korea
41 Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
42 Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
43 Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan
44 Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
45 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
46 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
47 Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
48 Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
49 Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
50 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
51 National Center for High-performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
52 Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
53 Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
54 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sapienza University, Roma 00185, Italy
55 Department of Mathematical Analysis and Statistical Inference, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa City, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan
56 School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Seoul 02455, Korea
57 Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
58 Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
59 Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu City, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
60 The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
61 Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
62 Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
63 Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
64 Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
65 State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (WIPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
66 Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
67 Optical instrument developement team, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
68 Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
69 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
70 Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
71 Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
72 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
73 Department of Information & Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
74 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
75 Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
76 Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
77 Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
78 Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
79 The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
80 Gravitational Wave Project Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
81 National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
82 University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carderi 9, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
83 Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
84 Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
85 Department of Communications, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
86 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
87 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
88 Department of Physics, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
89 Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Publication year
2020
Publication date
May 2020
e-ISSN
20503911
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3171487234
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Physical Society of Japan. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.