Abstract

Lack of empathy is a hallmark of social impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the concept empathy encompasses several socio-emotional and behavioral components underpinned by interacting brain circuits. This study examined empathic arousal and social understanding in individuals with ASD and matched controls by combining pressure pain thresholds (PPT) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (study 1) and electroencephalography/event-related potentials and eye-tracking responses (study 2) to empathy-eliciting stimuli depicting physical bodily injuries. Results indicate that participants with ASD had lower PPT than controls. When viewing body parts being accidentally injured, increased hemodynamic responses in the somatosensory cortex (SI/SII) but decreased responses in the anterior mid-cingulate and anterior insula as well as heightened N2 but preserved late-positive potentials (LPP) were detected in ASD participants. When viewing a person intentionally hurting another, decreased hemodynamic responses in the medial prefrontal cortex and reduced LPP were observed in the ASD group. PPT was a mediator for the SI/SII response in predicting subjective unpleasantness ratings to others’ pain. Both ASD and control groups had comparable mu suppression, indicative of typical sensorimotor resonance. The findings demonstrate that, in addition to reduced pain thresholds, individuals with ASD exhibit heightened empathic arousal but impaired social understanding when perceiving others’ distress.

Details

Title
Empathic arousal and social understanding in individuals with autism: evidence from fMRI and ERP measurements
Author
Yang-Teng, Fan 1 ; Chen, Chenyi 1 ; Chen, Shih-Chuan 1 ; Decety, Jean 1 ; Cheng, Yawei 2 

 Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, IL, USA, and Department of Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan 
 Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, IL, USA, and Department of Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, IL, USA, and Department of Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan 
Pages
1203-1213
Publication year
2014
Publication date
Aug 2014
Publisher
Oxford University Press
ISSN
17495016
e-ISSN
17495024
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3171588614
Copyright
© The Author(s) (2013). Published by Oxford University Press. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.