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Introduction
Magnetic permeability is a crucial property for advanced applications in fields like energy storage, sensing, and electromagnetic devices [5]. Iron-nickel alloys have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional magnetic properties, which can be further enhanced by nanocrystallization [16]. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) has emerged as a promising technique to consolidate nanocrystalline powders while preserving their unique properties [19]. This research focuses on understanding how microstructural features like alloy composition, grain size, and particle size influence the magnetic permeability of Fe–Ni nanocrystalline materials, aiming to identify key factors that enhance their suitability for technological applications.
The study of magnetic materials, particularly iron-nickel (Fe–Ni) alloys, has garnered significant interest due to their superior magnetic properties, which are essential for various advanced technological applications [9, 12]. Fe–Ni alloys exhibit excellent magnetic permeability, making them ideal candidates for applications in electromagnetic devices, transformers, and inductors [14]. Enhancing the magnetic permeability of these materials involves careful manipulation of their microstructural characteristics, including grain size and particle size, as well as the utilization of advanced processing techniques such as SPS [15].
The study conducted by Ashokkumar et al. [1, 2] focuses on the densification process of nickel–iron (Nix–Fe100 − x) nanopowders, which were synthesized through mechanical alloying and subsequently densified using spark plasma sintering techniques. The authors analyze how various compositional and processing factors affect the density of these nanopowders. Their systematic approach reveals the connections between the mechanical properties and synthesis methods, offering important insights for enhancing the production of high-density nanopowders intended for advanced manufacturing applications. The results indicate that both the selected composition and sintering parameters play critical roles in determining the density and microstructural characteristics of the resulting materials.
In another study by Ashokkumar et al. [1, 2], the authors delve into the mechanisms that lead to the reduction of grain and particle sizes in nickel–iron (Nix–Fe100 − x) nanopowders. They present a thorough analysis of the various factors that influence size reduction throughout the synthesis process. Utilizing experimental methods, the research examines how different processing parameters impact the morphology of the nanopowder. The study emphasizes the importance of mechanical alloying techniques in producing finer grain structures, which are essential for improving material properties in advanced manufacturing applications. The insights gained from this research are crucial for refining production...