Effect of Irrigation Periods on Growth and Yield of Sunflower Varieties (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract

In the autumn of 2023, field research was carried out in Khalidiya, Anbar Governorate, Iraq. To determine how five different sunflower varieties (Aqmar, Ishaqi, Flamy, Hysen, and Sakha) and a symbol for it V₁, V₂, V₃, V₄, and V₅ respond to three different irrigation periods (5, 10, 15 days) and its symbol I₁, I₂, I₃. V₃, V₄, and V₅ for three irrigation periods (5, 10, and 15 days) and its symbol I₁, I₂, and I₃. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D). Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the study factors in most traits. The plant height, stem diameter, and weight of 300 grains were (177.578 cm, 2.667 cm, and 27.880 g) respectively during irrigation period I₃. Irrigation period I₃ was superior in plant height (177.578 cm), stem diameter (2.667 cm), and weight of 300 grains (27.880 g). In contrast, irrigation period I₁ was superior in leaf area (8070.200 cm²), stem diameter (22.400 cm), and grain yield per plant (118.122 g). In contrast, irrigation period I₂ achieved the highest oil content in grains (35.110%). The V₂ variety was superior in plant height (190.852 cm), while the V1 variety was higher in leaf area (8745.589 cm²), while the V₅ variety achieved significant superiority in the two traits of head diameter and grains yield per plant (22.444 cm and 115.682 g, respectively), while the V₃ variety achieved significant superiority in the two traits: the grains number and the content of oil in the grains (1148.667 grain head⁻¹ and 35.743% respectively).