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Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (family Leguminosae) is a widespread evergreen tree, commonly known as Manila tamarind. It is the only Pithecellobium species that expanded outside its origin. The species' Latin name "dulce" denotes the edible pulp sweetness. In contrast, the genus name is a mix of the Greek words "Pithekos" (ape) and "Lobos" (pod), as a reference to the shape of its pod itself [1].
Several nations have traditionally used the different extracts of P. dulce to treat various ailments. Many active phytoconstituents in P. dulce are involved in its various biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anticonvulsant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects [1].
P. dulce fruits are consumed due to their sweet flavor and nutritional value as a decoction, roasted, or mixed with agua fresca (a cold tea) or atole (a cornstarch-based hot beverage) in various parts of India [2]. The roasted seeds are used as a condiment or coffee substitute or cooked for treating diabetes mellitus and gastric ulcers [3]. Vitamins such as ascorbic acid, thiamine, and riboflavin, as well as several necessary amino acids such as phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, and lysine, and some vital minerals like Ca, Na, Fe, K, and P, are present in P. dulce seeds and fruits [4]. The leaves have been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. They are employed as a remedy for indigestion, gall bladder ailments, and preventing miscarriage. Additionally, the leaves are used to treat both open and closed wounds due to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties [1].
Alzheimer’s (AD) was first identified by the German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer in 1906. It is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder defined by short- and long-term memory impairment, disorientation, abnormal behavior, sleeping disturbance, motor skills deterioration, and cognitive function impairment, leading to the inability to perform simple daily tasks and eventual total reliance on caregivers. It is the 6th leading cause of death, with approximately 50 million cases globally in 2022 and expected to reach 152 million in 2050. AD burdens patients, their relatives, and the economy, with an estimated yearly global expense of $1 trillion [5, 6]. AChE breaks down the neurotransmitter ACh, which is vital in neurotransmission regulation at synapses throughout the nervous system [7]. Consequently, researchers have thoroughly studied...