How LGBTQ + adults’ experiences of multiple disadvantage impact upon their health and social care service pathways in the UK & Ireland: a scoping review

Abstract

Background

Despite increased awareness of the significant health and healthcare inequalities experienced by minoritised groups, limited research considers the interaction of multiple domains of social disadvantage. This review therefore sought to explore how LGBTQ + adults’ experiences of homelessness, substance use, and criminal justice involvement impact upon their access to and use of health and social care services in the UK and Ireland.

Methods

A qualitative scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR framework. Electronic database and web searches identified 26 eligible peer-reviewed and grey literature documents published between 2010–2024. The data were charted, coded, and knowledge gaps identified.

Results

Data were coded thematically, clustered around the concept of normativity. Descriptive qualitative techniques were applied to explore how this was enacted and experienced. Synthesis across the literature identified experiences of discrimination and anticipated stigma that acted as barriers to accessing and engaging with services.

Conclusions

Structural normativity and the privilege afforded to hegemonic population groups impacted upon this population’s access to and use of services. The review adds depth and context to questions around the lack of visibility or engagement in services by LGBTQ + people with experience of disadvantage, and contributes to the wider literature on improving service access for marginalised, underserved, or disadvantaged communities.