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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Emotions evoked by food are an important factor that strongly influences the predictive power of consumer acceptance and consumption behavior when choosing food. The emotion questionnaire is an efficient measurement tool that describes the emotions evoked by different foods on the market. However, there is rarely a list of emotion terms for specific foods, such as the pure dairy products on the market. The aim of this study was to develop an emotion scale to measure emotion responses for pure dairy products and to investigate its application in consumer testing. A total of 1340 Chinese subjects (67% female, 18~45 years old, consumers of pure milk) participated in the study. The study began with the screening and identifying of emotion terms for pure dairy products and developed a proposed pure dairy product Emotion Scale (P-PDPES) with 50 emotion terms. Subsequently, the structure and emotion terms of the P-PDPES were determined using EFA and a final pure dairy product Emotion Scale (PDPES) with 33 emotion terms was obtained. The results showed that the PDPES has good validity and reliability. Moreover, the PDPES was used in a consumer test to describe the emotions towards the commercial pure dairy products. This PDPES discriminated well the emotions evoked by different pure dairy products and also indicated a good relationship between the model factors and the liking scores of milk products. To summarize, PDPES is a suitable measurement tool for assessing the emotions to pure dairy products.

Details

Title
An Exploratory Study on the Development of a Pure Dairy Product Emotion Scale (PDPES): A Study of Milk Consumers in China
Author
Zhong, Kui 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ting, Wen 2 ; Bolin Shi 1 ; Wang, Houyin 1 ; An, Zhicong 2 ; Zhao, Lei 1 ; Li, Hongliang 2 

 Agriculture and Food Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China; [email protected] (K.Z.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (H.W.); Key Laboratory of Food Sensory Analysis, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 102200, China 
 National Enterprise Technology Center, Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Huhhot 011500, China; [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (Z.A.); Mengniu Hi-Tech Dairy Product Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 101100, China 
First page
827
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
23048158
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3176386957
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.