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Abstract
O presente trabalho analisa quais são os fatores que contribuem com o diferencial de desempenho escolar entre alunos que frequentam escolas da zona rural e urbana no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que, em ambas as disciplinas (Matemática e Português), os alunos de escola urbanas apresentam melhor desempenho que os estudantes da zona rural. Os exercícios de estimação mostram que o efeito característica das escolas explica mais o diferencial urbano-rural que o efeito retorno (ou efeito estrutural). Também observou-se que as características da escola frequentada pelos alunos são as principais características impulsionadoras da diferença de notas, principalmente nos quantis superiores e, especialmente, em Matemática.
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