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Abstract
Wire-arc directed energy deposition (wire-arc DED) enables the fabrication of large-scale metal components with rapid manufacturing ability and diverse material selection, making it a compelling technology in industries and defenses. However, challenges in both macroscale and microscale defects still limit printed component widespread applications. Recent advances in automatic and intelligent technologies have brought a range of quality controllable strategies to the forefront. This review covers these new strategies for the printing component, including path planning, process monitoring, auxiliary processes, and post processing, while discussing the expectation for structure and quality improvement. In addition, the work brings new areas of intelligent wire-arc DED development, including advances in digital twin, visualization, and human-processing interaction to promote its performance. It is anticipated that a focus on intelligent system will be key to smart and high-quality manufacturing for future wire-arc DED.
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1 School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750400, People’s Republic of China
2 Welding Technology Office, CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited. , Guangzhou 510720, People’s Republic of China
3 Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company , Harbin 150028, People’s Republic of China
4 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Underwater Vehicle, Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
5 School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
6 School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021, People’s Republic of China
7 School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021, People’s Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China