The Impact of Acid Rain in Central China and Possible Solution

Abstract

Acid rain, with a pH below 5.6, is a significant global environmental concern with detrimental effects on ecosystems and human activities. It is the result of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) reacting with water vapor, oxygen, and other compounds in the atmosphere, forming acids that eventually fall back to the ground. Central China has been identified as one of the most heavily impacted regions by acid rain. This paper summarizes the situation and causes of acid rain in Central China, assesses governmental controls, and points out remaining issues and potential solutions. In Central China, sulfuric acid rain forming from SO₂ is the predominant form of acid rain, while nitric acid forming from NO_x is a minor contributor. The main sources of acid rain that produce SO₂ and NO_x include the combustion of fossil fuels, certain industrial processes, vehicle exhausts, and agricultural activities. In addition, the pH value of acid rain in Central China also varies seasonally, with the highest pH value in spring and the lowest in autumn, due to different seasonal atmospheric circulation patterns and meteorological factors, which affect the chance of occurrence and the acidity of acid rain.