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Introduction
In the pursuit of a sustainable planet, the United Nations Member States give a roadmap with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)1 towards a future that is affordable, green, promotes sustainable industrialization and fosters innovation [1]. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), which form the foundation of cognition-aware and context-aware decision-making systems, are expected to play a crucial role in achieving Goal 9, “Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.” Particularly AI and CPS drive the transformative shift towards Industry 5.0, characterized by the integration of machines, humans, software and the environment creating systems with a high degree of automation and autonomy [2]. By harnessing AI and CPS an increase in resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes is expected. Concurrently, as industry adopts Industry 4.0 the world moves towards the Fifth Industrial Revolution. The main characteristics of Industry 5.0 are human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience [3].
Furthermore, according to Mangler et al. [4] cognition-aware industrial safety mechanisms can be augmented by integrating the dynamic changes in a living or a work environment in order to decrease potential accidents and make cities inclusive, safe, and resilient. Thus cognition-aware systems can contribute vitally to 3rd sustainability goal of ‘good health and well-being’ and 11th sustainability goal of ‘Sustainable cities and communities’. Consequently, AI, CPS and cognition-aware mechanisms can be utilized to aid in preventing environmental damage, serving as the cornerstone for achieving a sustainable planet.
In this article, we survey cognition-aware and context-aware decision-making systems with a focus on sustainability as the guiding principle. More specifically we examine context-aware computing systems, cognition decision support systems, the role of cognition in decision-making, decision support mechanisms and their implications on a sustainable planet.
One branch of context-aware decision systems is connected with CPS or human-cyber-physical systems (HCPS), which integrate computers, networks, devices, humans and physical processes [5]. In this survey, we specifically focus on CPS and HCPS that exhibit advanced intelligence, distinguishing them from systems limited to executing procedural tasks or relying entirely on human-driven decision-making activities [6]. These systems are designed to learn autonomously, without explicit programming, but rather through a data-driven approach. (H)CPS are employed in all areas of importance to the well-being of humans and ecosystems of the world, including agriculture,...